No evidence of horizontal infection in horses kept in close contact with dogs experimentally infected with canine influenza A virus (H3N8).
Abstract: Since equine influenza A virus (H3N8) was transmitted to dogs in the United States in 2004, the causative virus, which is called canine influenza A virus (CIV), has become widespread in dogs. To date, it has remained unclear whether or not CIV-infected dogs could transmit CIV to horses. To address this, we tested whether or not close contact between horses and dogs experimentally infected with CIV would result in its interspecies transmission. Methods: Three pairs of animals consisting of a dog inoculated with CIV (10(8.3) egg infectious dose 50/dog) and a healthy horse were kept together in individual stalls for 15 consecutive days. During the study, all the dogs and horses were clinically observed. Virus titres in nasal swab extracts and serological responses were also evaluated. In addition, all the animals were subjected to a gross pathological examination after euthanasia. Results: All three dogs inoculated with CIV exhibited clinical signs including, pyrexia, cough, nasal discharge, virus shedding and seroconversion. Gross pathology revealed lung consolidations in all the dogs, and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from the lesions. Meanwhile, none of the paired horses showed any clinical signs, virus shedding or seroconversion. Moreover, gross pathology revealed no lesions in the respiratory tracts including the lungs of the horses. Conclusions: These findings may indicate that a single dog infected with CIV is not sufficient to constitute a source of CIV infection in horses.
Publication Date: 2012-04-16 PubMed ID: 22506984PubMed Central: PMC3416777DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-25Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This study sought to determine if horses could contract the canine influenza A virus (CIV) from dogs, as it remained uncertain if a CIV infected dog could transmit the virus to horses. The results found no evidence of horizontal transmission, indicating a single dog infected with CIV is not enough to infect a horse.
Research Methodology
- The research involved the use of three pairs of animals, each pair comprising a dog infected with the canine influenza A virus and a healthy horse.
- These pairs were kept together in individual stalls for a period of 15 consecutive days. This period was used to allow potential transmission of the virus from the dogs to the horses.
- The researchers clinically observed all the dogs and horses involved in the study during this period.
- The researchers also evaluated virus titres in nasal swab extracts and took note of the serological responses.
- Finally, a gross pathological examination was conducted on all the animals after euthanasia.
Results and Findings
- All three dogs inoculated with the canine influenza A virus showed clinical signs such as fever, cough, nasal discharge and virus shedding. A seroconversion was also observed in all the dogs, which is a clear sign of infection.
- Upon gross pathological examination, lung consolidations were found in all the dogs, and the bacteria Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus was isolated from these lesions.
- However, none of the horses which were kept in close contact with the infected dogs exhibited any clinical signs, virus shedding, or seroconversion pointing to the absence of a viral infection.
- Upon examination, no lesions were found in the respiratory tracts, including the lungs, of the horses, further supporting the absence of infection.
Conclusions
- The findings from this research study indicate that a single dog infected with the canine influenza A virus is not sufficient to infect a horse. In other words, there appears to be no horizontal transmission of the virus from dogs to horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Yamanaka T, Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Matsumura T, Muranaka M, Ueno T, Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Hidari KI, Suzuki T.
(2012).
No evidence of horizontal infection in horses kept in close contact with dogs experimentally infected with canine influenza A virus (H3N8).
Acta Vet Scand, 54(1), 25.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-54-25 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, the Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan. yamanaka@epizoo.equinst.go.jp
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Dog Diseases / pathology
- Dog Diseases / transmission
- Dog Diseases / virology
- Dogs
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / transmission
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
- Lung / microbiology
- Lung / pathology
- Nasal Mucosa / virology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / transmission
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
- Streptococcal Infections / pathology
- Streptococcus equi / immunology
- Virus Shedding
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