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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2022; 36(5); 1812-1819; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16450

Opioid-free sedation for atlantoaxial cerebrospinal fluid collection in adult horses.

Abstract: Atlantoaxial (AA) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in standing horses utilizes the controlled narcotic morphine, thereby limiting feasibility in field practice settings. Objective: To compare AA CSF collection time and reaction scores in horses sedated with morphine-containing and opioid-free sedation protocols: detomidine + morphine (DM), detomidine + xylazine (DX), detomidine + detomidine (DD), detomidine alone (D0); To develop a novel method for assessing sedation in standing horses using open-source motion-tracking software. Methods: Six healthy adult horses. Methods: Randomized crossover. Atlantoaxial CSF collections were performed weekly for 4 weeks. Horses received sedation protocols in random order. Procedure time and procedure reaction scores were compared between groups using Friedman test. Associations between procedure reaction scores and motion tracking variables (total distance and farthest excursion traveled by horse's head) were examined using scatter diagrams and linear regression. Results: Procedure times were lower in horses sedated with DX (median: 36 seconds; range: 28 - 188), compared to D0 (121; 35 - 196; P = 0.04). Procedure reaction scores were lower in horses sedated with DX (median 1.0, range 1.0 to 2.0), or DM (1.8; 1.3 - 3.0) compared to DO (3.0; 2.3 - 3.0; P = .03). Reactions to dura mater puncture were recorded in 3 of 6 horses in D0 and DD groups, and 0 of 6 horses in DX and DM groups. Positive associations were observed between reaction score vs total distance or farthest excursion distance from baseline. Conclusions: Both opioid-free and morphine-containing sedation protocols are acceptable for AA CSF collection. Motion-tracking software represents a novel method for assessing sedation in standing horses.
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-31 PubMed ID: 35639966PubMed Central: PMC9511061DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16450Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Veterinary
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study looks at the feasibility of using an opioid-free sedation process during atlantoaxial (AA) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in adult horses. The researchers compared the collection time and reaction scores of horses under different sedation protocols, including an opioid-free option, and tried to devise a new method for assessing sedation using open-source motion-tracking software.

Research Methodology

  • The study involved six healthy adult horses.
  • The research was designed as a randomized crossover. Each horse underwent AA CSF collections once a week for four weeks with different sedation protocols in a random sequence.
  • The sedation methods explored included morphine-containing and opioid-free variations, namely, detomidine plus morphine (DM), detomidine plus xylazine (DX), detomidine plus detomidine (DD), and detomidine alone (D0).
  • The researchers compared characteristics such as the procedure time and the horses’ reactions between the different groups using a statistical tool known as the Friedman test.
  • As part of their objective to develop a new method for monitoring sedation in standing horses, the team also investigated associations between horse reaction scores and various motion tracking metrics (total distance and farthest excursion traveled by horse’s head).

Results

  • The procedure times were lower in horses sedated with DX, having an average of 36 seconds compared to D0’s 121-second median.
  • Procedure reaction scores were also improved in horses sedated with DX (median 1.0), or DM (1.8) compared to DO (3.0).
  • The study recorded reactions to dura mater puncture – these were seen in 3 out of 6 horses in both the D0 and DD groups, and no reactions in the DX and DM groups.
  • There was a positive relationship between the reaction score and both the total distance and the farthest excursion distance from the baseline.

Conclusions

  • The researchers conclude that both opioid-free and morphine-containing sedation protocols could be suitable for AA CSF collection in adult horses.
  • The study also suggested that motion-tracking software could serve as an innovative method for assessing sedation in standing horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Cock G, Blakeney Z, Hernandez JA, DeNotta S. (2022). Opioid-free sedation for atlantoaxial cerebrospinal fluid collection in adult horses. J Vet Intern Med, 36(5), 1812-1819. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16450

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 36
Issue: 5
Pages: 1812-1819

Researcher Affiliations

Cock, Gemma
  • Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Blakeney, Zachary
  • Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Hernandez, Jorge A
  • Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
DeNotta, Sally
  • Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Anesthesia / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Imidazoles
  • Morphine Derivatives
  • Random Allocation
  • Xylazine

Grant Funding

  • University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Faculty Research Development Award

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Malmström E, Cole RC, Hofmeister EH, Stern JK, Passler T. Comparison of atlantoaxial and lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid centesis techniques in South American camelids. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Mar-Apr;38(2):1232-1239.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17023pubmed: 38407387google scholar: lookup
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