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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Origin and history of mitochondrial DNA lineages in domestic...
PloS one2010; 5(12); e15311; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015311

Origin and history of mitochondrial DNA lineages in domestic horses.

Abstract: Domestic horses represent a genetic paradox: although they have the greatest number of maternal lineages (mtDNA) of all domestic species, their paternal lineages are extremely homogeneous on the Y-chromosome. In order to address their huge mtDNA variation and the origin and history of maternal lineages in domestic horses, we analyzed 1961 partial d-loop sequences from 207 ancient remains and 1754 modern horses. The sample set ranged from Alaska and North East Siberia to the Iberian Peninsula and from the Late Pleistocene to modern times. We found a panmictic Late Pleistocene horse population ranging from Alaska to the Pyrenees. Later, during the Early Holocene and the Copper Age, more or less separated sub-populations are indicated for the Eurasian steppe region and Iberia. Our data suggest multiple domestications and introgressions of females especially during the Iron Age. Although all Eurasian regions contributed to the genetic pedigree of modern breeds, most haplotypes had their roots in Eastern Europe and Siberia. We found 87 ancient haplotypes (Pleistocene to Mediaeval Times); 56 of these haplotypes were also observed in domestic horses, although thus far only 39 haplotypes have been confirmed to survive in modern breeds. Thus, at least seventeen haplotypes of early domestic horses have become extinct during the last 5,500 years. It is concluded that the large diversity of mtDNA lineages is not a product of animal breeding but, in fact, represents ancestral variability.
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Publication Date: 2010-12-20 PubMed ID: 21187961PubMed Central: PMC3004868DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015311Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study focuses on exploring the origin and evolution of mitochondrial DNA lineages in domestic horses. It sets out to explain the intriguing genetic paradox where there is a high diversity in maternal lineages but a much lower diversity in paternal lineages.

Objective of the Study

  • The primary objective of the study is to investigate the significant mitochondrial DNA variation in domestic horses. It also aims to understand the origin and history of these maternal lineages.

Methodology

  • The research involved the analysis of 1961 partial d-loop sequences derived from 207 ancient remains and 1754 modern horses.
  • The samples were collected from various locations, ranging from Alaska and North East Siberia to the Iberian Peninsula. The timeline of these samples spanned from the Late Pleistocene era to modern times.

Findings

  • There was a panmictic horse population across various places from Alaska to the Pyrenees during the Late Pleistocene era.
  • During the Early Holocene and the Copper Age, more separate sub-populations were evident in Eurasian steppe region and Iberia.
  • The data suggests multiple domestications and introgressions (transfer of genetic information) of female horses, particularly during the Iron Age.
  • Though all Eurasian territories contributed to the genetic pedigree of modern breeds, the roots of most haplotypes can be traced back to Eastern Europe and Siberia.
  • Out of 87 ancient haplotypes (genetic groups) found from Pleistocene to Medieval Times, 56 were observed in domestic horses. However, so far, only 39 haplotypes have been confirmed in modern breeds, indicating the extinction of at least seventeen haplotypes of early domestic horses during the last 5,500 years.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that the vast diversity of mitochondrial DNA lineages among domestic horses is not a result of animal breeding as might be expected. Instead, it represents ancestral variability, which points towards complex origins and history of domestication in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Cieslak M, Pruvost M, Benecke N, Hofreiter M, Morales A, Reissmann M, Ludwig A. (2010). Origin and history of mitochondrial DNA lineages in domestic horses. PLoS One, 5(12), e15311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015311

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 5
Issue: 12
Pages: e15311
PII: e15311

Researcher Affiliations

Cieslak, Michael
  • Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Evolutionary Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
Pruvost, Melanie
    Benecke, Norbert
      Hofreiter, Michael
        Morales, Arturo
          Reissmann, Monika
            Ludwig, Arne

              MeSH Terms

              • Algorithms
              • Animals
              • Asia
              • China
              • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
              • Europe
              • Genetic Variation
              • Haplotypes
              • Horses / genetics
              • Kazakhstan
              • Korea
              • Mitochondria / genetics
              • Models, Genetic
              • Mongolia
              • Siberia
              • Spain
              • Species Specificity

              Conflict of Interest Statement

              The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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