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Biology open2018; 7(5); bio033514; doi: 10.1242/bio.033514

Osteoblast differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells.

Abstract: Bone fractures occur in horses following traumatic and non-traumatic (bone overloading) events. They can be difficult to treat due to the need for the horse to bear weight on all legs during the healing period. Regenerative medicine to improve fracture union and recovery could significantly improve horse welfare. Equine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have previously been derived. Here we show that equine iPSCs cultured for 21 days in osteogenic induction media on an OsteoAssay surface upregulate the expression of osteoblast associated genes and proteins, including , , , , and We also demonstrate that iPSC-osteoblasts are able to produce a mineralised matrix with both calcium and hydroxyapatite deposition. Alkaline phosphatase activity is also significantly increased during osteoblast differentiation. Although the genetic background of the iPSC donor animal affects the level of differentiation observed after 21 days of differentiation, less variation between lines of iPSCs derived from the same horse was observed. The successful, direct, differentiation of equine iPSCs into osteoblasts may provide a source of cells for future regenerative medicine strategies to improve fracture repair in horses undergoing surgery. iPSC-derived osteoblasts will also provide a potential tool to study equine bone development and disease.
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2018-05-10 PubMed ID: 29685993PubMed Central: PMC5992527DOI: 10.1242/bio.033514Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study demonstrates that equine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be transformed into bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) in specific conditions, which could aid in improving fracture repair in horses.

Research Objective

Equine medicine faces challenges in the treatment of bone fractures given a horse’s need to bear weight on all legs during recovery. This research explores the potential of regenerative medicine, specifically the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to enhance treatment and recovery outcomes for horses with bone fractures.

Methodology and Findings

  • The researchers cultivated equine iPSCs (stem cells capable of becoming many types of cells) in a specialized nutrient-rich medium that promotes their transformation into osteoblasts (cells that help in bone formation).
  • This process, known as osteogenic induction, was conducted over a 21-day period on a special platform called OsteoAssay.
  • Over time, the expression of genes and proteins associated with osteoblasts increased within the iPSCs.
  • These newly formed osteoblasts were demonstrated to be functionally effective, as they produced a mineralized matrix (a crucial part of bone structure) containing calcium and hydroxyapatite.
  • Alkaline phosphatase activity, an enzyme linked with bone mineralization, also showed a significant increase during osteoblast differentiation.
  • While the iPSC donor horse’s genetic background influenced the degree of differentiation, less variation was observed among iPSC lines derived from the same horse.

Implications and Applications

  • The ability to reliably convert equine iPSCs into osteoblasts presents potential opportunities for regenerative medicine applications in treating bone fractures in horses.
  • Utilizing iPSC-derived osteoblasts could significantly improve horse welfare by potentially speeding up recovery and enhancing fracture repair during post-surgery.
  • Moreover, these iPSC-derived osteoblasts could serve as a valuable research tool for understanding horse bone development and disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Baird A, Lindsay T, Everett A, Iyemere V, Paterson YZ, McClellan A, Henson FMD, Guest DJ. (2018). Osteoblast differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells. Biol Open, 7(5), bio033514. https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.033514

Publication

Biology open
ISSN: 2046-6390
NlmUniqueID: 101578018
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
PII: bio033514

Researcher Affiliations

Baird, Arabella
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK.
Lindsay, Timothy
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK.
  • Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Everett, Alice
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK.
Iyemere, Valentine
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK.
Paterson, Yasmin Z
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
McClellan, Alyce
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK.
Henson, Frances M D
  • Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
Guest, Deborah J
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK debbie.guest@aht.org.uk.

Grant Funding

  • MC_PC_12009 / Medical Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing or financial interests.

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