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Home / Equine Research Bank / Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol / Overtrained horses alter their resting pulsatile growth horm...
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology2009; 297(2); R403-R411; doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.90778.2008

Overtrained horses alter their resting pulsatile growth hormone secretion.

Abstract: The influence of intensified and reduced training on nocturnal growth hormone (GH) secretion and elimination dynamics was studied in young (1.5 yr) Standardbred geldings to detect potential markers indicative for early overtraining. Ten horses trained on a treadmill for 32 wk in age-, breed-, and gender-matched fixed pairs. Training was divided into four phases (4, 18, 6, and 4 wk, respectively): 1) habituation to high-speed treadmill trotting, 2) normal training, in which speed and duration of training sessions were gradually increased, 3) in this phase, the horses were divided into 2 groups: control (C) and intensified trained (IT) group. In IT, training intensity, duration, and frequency were further increased, whereas in control these remained unaltered, and 4) reduced training (RT). At the end of phases 2, 3, and 4, blood was sampled overnight every 5 min for 8 h for assessment of GH secretory dynamics using pulse detection, deconvolution analysis, and approximate entropy (ApEn). Intensified training induced overtraining (performance decreased by 19% compared with C), which was associated with an increase in concentration peaks number (3.6 vs. 2.0, respectively), a smaller peak secretion pattern with a prolonged half-life (15.2 vs. 7.3 min, respectively), and an increased ApEn (0.89 vs. 0.49, respectively). RT did not lead to full recovery for the overtrained horses. The increased irregularity of nocturnal GH pulsatility pattern is indicative of a loss of coordinated control of GH regulation. Longer phases of somatostatin withdrawal are hypothesized to be the underlying mechanism for the observed changes in GH pulsatility pattern.
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Publication Date: 2009-06-03 PubMed ID: 19494168PubMed Central: PMC4062293DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90778.2008Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores how intensive and reduced training can potentially influence the nocturnal growth hormone (GH) secretion and elimination dynamics in young Standardbred geldings.

Research Methodology

  • Ten young (1.5 years old) Standardbred geldings underwent a 32-week training regimen on a treadmill. The training was carried out in four different phases: an initial adaptation period to high-speed treadmill trotting, a phase of normal training where speed and duration of training sessions were gradually increased, a divergent phase where horses were divided into two groups for control and intensified training, and finally a phase of reduced training.
  • Blood samples were collected at the end of phases 2, 3, and 4 for every 5 minutes for 8 hours overnight. These sample were used to assess the dynamics of GH secretion via pulse detection, deconvolution analysis, and approximate entropy (ApEn).

Research Findings

  • The high-intensity training led to overtraining in the horses, which initiated distinct changes in their nocturnal GH pulsatility pattern. Specifically, the performance decreased by 19% in the overtrained horses compared with the control group. As a result, the concentration peaks increased (from 2.0 to 3.6), secretion patterns became smaller and extended over a longer half-life (from 7.3 to 15.2 minutes), and ApEn increased (from 0.49 to 0.89).
  • Reduced training, on the other hand, did not bring about full recovery in the overtrained horses. The research thus underscores the fact that intensive training can have substantial, lasting effects on the GH regulation in horses.

Study Interpretation

  • The irregularity in the GH secretion, as observed in overtrained horses, is indicative of a loss of coordinated control of GH regulation.
  • The changes in the GH secretion pattern suggest that longer phases of somatostatin withdrawal could be the underlying mechanism for these changes. Somatostatin is a hormone that inhibits the secretion of several other hormones, including GH. As such, an extended withdrawal period may lead to unusual GH secretion patterns.

Research Significance

  • The insights derived from this study can be invaluable in managing the training regimen of sport horses in order to prevent overtraining. It is imperative to understand the hormonal implications of overtraining to better manage horse health and performance.

Cite This Article

APA
de Graaf-Roelfsema E, Veldhuis PP, Keizer HA, van Ginneken MM, van Dam KG, Johnson ML, Barneveld A, Menheere PP, van Breda E, Wijnberg ID, van der Kolk JH. (2009). Overtrained horses alter their resting pulsatile growth hormone secretion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 297(2), R403-R411. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90778.2008

Publication

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology
ISSN: 1522-1490
NlmUniqueID: 100901230
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 297
Issue: 2
Pages: R403-R411

Researcher Affiliations

de Graaf-Roelfsema, E
  • Dept. of Equine Sciences, Medicine Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht Univ., Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.roelfsema@uu.nl
Veldhuis, P P
    Keizer, H A
      van Ginneken, M M E
        van Dam, K G
          Johnson, M L
            Barneveld, A
              Menheere, P P C A
                van Breda, E
                  Wijnberg, I D
                    van der Kolk, J H

                      MeSH Terms

                      • Animals
                      • Exercise Test
                      • Growth Hormone / metabolism
                      • Half-Life
                      • Horses / physiology
                      • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism
                      • Lactic Acid / blood
                      • Male
                      • Orchiectomy
                      • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
                      • Rest / physiology
                      • Time Factors

                      Grant Funding

                      • R01 RR019991 / NCRR NIH HHS
                      • R01 RR019991-05 / NCRR NIH HHS

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                      Citations

                      This article has been cited 3 times.
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