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Veterinary microbiology2013; 167(1-2); 145-150; doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.012

Pathogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis.

Abstract: Equine encephalids have high mortality rates and represent a significant zoonotic public health threat. Of these the most pathogenic viruses to equids are the alphaviruses in the family Togaviridae. The focus of this review Venezualen equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) has caused the most widespread and recent epidemic outbreaks of disease. Circulation in naturally occuring rodent-mosquito cycles, results in viral spread to both human and equine populations. However, equines develop a high titer viremia and can transmit the virus back to mosquito populations. As such, the early recognition and control of viral infection in equine populations is strongly associated with prevention of epidemic spread of the virus and limiting of disease incidence in human populations. This review will address identification and pathogenesis of VEEV in equids vaccination and treatment options, and current research for drug and vaccine development.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2013-07-22 PubMed ID: 23968890DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.012Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the pathogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis, a severe illness in horses that can also spread to humans, and considers prevention strategies including vaccination and early recognition in equine populations.

Pathogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis in Equids

The body of the research article discusses in detail the pathogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), a member of the Togaviridae family. The virus is noted to be one of the most pathogenic to equids – a term referring to horses, donkeys, and zebras among others. The virus is highlighted as being responsible for widespread and recent epidemic outbreaks of disease.

  • The virus circulates in naturally occurring cycles involving rodents and mosquitoes, which results in the spread of the virus to both humans and equine populations.

The Role of Equines in VEEV Transmission

Equines play a significant role in the transmission of VEEV.

  • Equines, after being infected by mosquitoes, develop high levels of VEEV in their blood (high titer viremia), which can then be transmitted back to mosquito populations when these insects feed on them.
  • Due to this, the early recognition and control of viral infection in equine populations is seen as crucial for preventing epidemic spread of the virus and limiting disease incidence in human populations.

Prevention and Control Strategies

The article reviews different strategies for controlling and preventing the spread of VEEV.

  • It addresses the identification of VEEV in equines, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in these populations to halt the spread of the disease.
  • Vaccination is also discussed as a possible prevention strategy. By immunizing equines against VEEV, the virus’s ability to spread to mosquitoes, and subsequently to humans, can be significantly reduced.
  • The review also touches on current research exploring drug and vaccine developments against VEEV. This includes studying the biology of the virus to better understand its transmission and infection mechanisms, and consequently, develop effective medications and vaccines.

Cite This Article

APA
Taylor KG, Paessler S. (2013). Pathogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis. Vet Microbiol, 167(1-2), 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.012

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 1873-2542
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 167
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 145-150
PII: S0378-1135(13)00374-X

Researcher Affiliations

Taylor, Katherine G
  • Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, United States. Electronic address: kattaylo@utmb.edu.
Paessler, Slobodan

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / immunology
    • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / pathogenicity
    • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / pathology
    • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / prevention & control
    • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / transmission
    • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / virology
    • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
    • Horse Diseases / transmission
    • Horse Diseases / virology
    • Horses
    • Humans
    • Zoonoses / virology

    Citations

    This article has been cited 25 times.
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