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[Pharmacological effects of hordenine].
Abstract: Hordenine is an ingredient of some plants which are used as feed for animals, i.e. in sprouting barley. After ingestion of such feed hordenine may be detected in blood or urine of horses which in case of racing horses may be the facts of using prohibited compounds. Results of some experiments in pharmacological models show that hordenine is an indirectly acting adrenergic drug. It liberates norepinephrine from stores. In isolated organs and those structures with reduced epinephrine contents the hordenine-effect is only very poor. Experiments in intact animals (rats, dogs) show that hordenine has a positive inotropic effect upon the heart, increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, peripheral blood flow volume, inhibits gut movements but has no effect upon the psychomotorical behaviour of mice. All effects are short and only possible after high doses which are not to be expected after ingestion of hordenine containing feed for horses. A measurable increase of the performance of racing horses is quite improbable.
Publication Date: 1995-06-01 PubMed ID: 8582256 The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- English Abstract
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article explores hordenine, a component found in certain animal feeds, such as sprouting barley, and evaluates its pharmacological effects, especially on horses. It highlights that hordenine works by liberating norepinephrine from stores, affecting heart and blood pressure rates but does not enhance the performance of racing horses.
Introduction and Observations
- The study begins by identifying hordenine as a component present in certain plants which are used as animal feed, notably sprouting barley.
- The researchers point out that this compound can be found in the blood or urine of horses that have ingested such feed, which could potentially risk misidentification of prohibited substances in racing horses.
- They establish their focus on the pharmacological effects of hordenine, specifically how it works as an indirectly acting adrenergic drug. This simply means it has an effect on nerve impulse transmission.
Results and Inferences
- Based on several pharmacological models, the researchers found that hordenine liberates norepinephrine from storage sites in the body. Norepinephrine is essential for responding to stress and regulates the heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels.
- However, in isolated organs and in structures with reduced epinephrine contents, the effect of hordenine is minimal. This implies that hordenine’s impact greatly depends on the presence of comparable compounds and the specific organic environment.
- When the scientists tested hordenine on intact animals like rats and dogs, they found that the compound had several effects. It had a positive inotropic effect on the heart which means it strengthened the heart muscle contractions. It also elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased peripheral blood flow volume.
- It was also found that hordenine inhibited gut movements. This could potentially affect digestion in animals. On the other hand, hordenine did not affect the psychomotor behavior of mice, indicating it probably has no effect on motor control or cognitive function.
Conclusion
- The effects were said to be short-lived and only possible after the administration of high doses of hordenine — much higher than what could be ingested through normal feed.
- However, the researchers concluded that a measurable increase in the performance of racing horses was unlikely. Thus, the incidental ingestion of hordenine through animal feed would not give an unfair advantage in competitions.
Cite This Article
APA
Hapke HJ, Strathmann W.
(1995).
[Pharmacological effects of hordenine].
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 102(6), 228-232.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Pharmazie, Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover.
MeSH Terms
- Alkaloids / pharmacokinetics
- Alkaloids / pharmacology
- Animal Feed
- Animals
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Dogs
- Epinephrine / metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Motility / drug effects
- Hordeum
- Horses
- Mice
- Motor Activity / drug effects
- Norepinephrine / metabolism
- Regional Blood Flow / drug effects
- Sympathomimetics / pharmacology
- Tyramine / analogs & derivatives
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Gianolio S, Roura Padrosa D, Paradisi F. Combined chemoenzymatic strategy for sustainable continuous synthesis of the natural product hordenine. Green Chem 2022 Oct 31;24(21):8434-8440.
- Liu Y, Li JJ, Li HY, Deng SM, Jia AQ. Quorum sensing inhibition of hordenine analogs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2021 Dec;6(4):360-368.
- Guzzo F, Scognamiglio M, Fiorentino A, Buommino E, D'Abrosca B. Plant Derived Natural Products against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: Antibiofilm Activity and Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules 2020 Oct 29;25(21).
- Anwar S, Mohammad T, Shamsi A, Queen A, Parveen S, Luqman S, Hasan GM, Alamry KA, Azum N, Asiri AM, Hassan MI. Discovery of Hordenine as a Potential Inhibitor of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 3: Implication in Lung Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2020 May 14;8(5).
- Beury-Cirou A, Tannières M, Minard C, Soulère L, Rasamiravaka T, Dodd RH, Queneau Y, Dessaux Y, Guillou C, Vandeputte OM, Faure D. At a supra-physiological concentration, human sexual hormones act as quorum-sensing inhibitors. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e83564.
- Yang L, Tang K, Qi Y, Ye H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Cao Z. Potential metabolic mechanism of girls' central precocious puberty: a network analysis on urine metabonomics data. BMC Syst Biol 2012;6 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S19.
- Kurian GA, Paddikkala J. Role of Mitochondrial Enzymes and Sarcoplasmic ATPase in Cardioprotection Mediated by Aqueous Extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L) DC Root on Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010 Nov;72(6):745-52.
- Güven KC, Percot A, Sezik E. Alkaloids in marine algae. Mar Drugs 2010 Feb 4;8(2):269-84.
- Bloomer RJ, Canale RE, Blankenship MM, Hammond KG, Fisher-Wellman KH, Schilling BK. Effect of the dietary supplement Meltdown on catecholamine secretion, markers of lipolysis, and metabolic rate in men and women: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study. Lipids Health Dis 2009 Aug 5;8:32.
- Bloomer RJ, Fisher-Wellman KH, Hammond KG, Schilling BK, Weber AA, Cole BJ. Dietary supplement increases plasma norepinephrine, lipolysis, and metabolic rate in resistance trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2009 Jan 28;6:4.
- Jitomir J, Nassar E, Culbertson J, Moreillon J, Buford T, Hudson G, Cooke M, Kreider R, Willoughby DS. The acute effects of the thermogenic supplement Meltdown on energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and hemodynamic responses in young, healthy males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008 Dec 16;5:23.
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