Positive results in a real-time PCR for type A influenza associated with the use of an inactivated vaccine.
Abstract: A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test for the matrix gene of type A influenza viruses was used during the 2007 Australian equine influenza (EI) outbreak in order to confirm diagnosis and, later, eradication of the virus. During the EI outbreak, horses being exported required vaccination and individual proof of freedom from EI. At the end of the outbreak, positive results were obtained from four horses destined for export, because of contamination of the samples with the vaccine. This report highlights the need for EI testing and vaccination to occur on separate days and with the collection of swabs for testing to precede vaccination.
© 2011 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2011 Australian Veterinary Association.
Publication Date: 2011-07-08 PubMed ID: 21711315DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00746.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research explored an incident during the 2007 Australian equine influenza outbreak, where a real-time PCR test returned false positive results due to contamination from a vaccine. The paper emphasizes the need for separating vaccination and testing days during disease outbreaks.
Overview of the Research
- The researchers used a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to test for the matrix gene of type A influenza viruses during the 2007 Australian equine influenza outbreak. This testing method was employed to verify diagnosis and monitor the eradication of the virus.
- During the outbreak, horses intended for exportation were required to get vaccinated and provide individual proof of freedom from equine influenza.
The Incident
- The researchers found that, at the end of the outbreak, four horses that were set to be exported tested positive for equine influenza. This was despite the animals’ recent vaccinations.
- Upon further examination, they discovered the cause of the positive results was contamination of the samples with the vaccine used for immunization rather than the presence of the active virus.
Recommendations
- The incident raised awareness on the possibility of vaccines interfering with diagnostic testing results. Thus, the researchers highlighted the importance of separating the days of vaccination and diagnostic testing during a disease outbreak.
- Furthermore, they recommended collection of swabs for testing to precede vaccination. This protocol would minimize the chances of vaccine contamination influencing test results.
Implications
- The findings reveal potential challenges in vaccination and testing protocols during disease outbreaks. This is particularly relevant for industries that require both vaccination and disease-free certification for exports.
- The research’s recommendations offer actionable suggestions to improve diagnostic accuracy and prevent false-positive results.
Cite This Article
APA
Diallo I, Read AJ, Kirkland PD.
(2011).
Positive results in a real-time PCR for type A influenza associated with the use of an inactivated vaccine.
Aust Vet J, 89 Suppl 1, 145-146.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00746.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Research Institute, Yeerongpilly, Queensland 4105, Australia. Ibrahim.Diallo@deedi.qld.gov.au
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Australia / epidemiology
- Disease Outbreaks / prevention & control
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- RNA, Viral / chemistry
- RNA, Viral / genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Vaccination / methods
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated / administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Singh RK, Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Khurana SK, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Virmani N, Singh R, Tripathi BN, Munir M, van der Kolk JH. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies. Front Microbiol 2018;9:1941.
- Paillot R, El-Hage CM. The Use of a Recombinant Canarypox-Based Equine Influenza Vaccine during the 2007 Australian Outbreak: A Systematic Review and Summary. Pathogens 2016 Jun 10;5(2).
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