Presence of respiratory viruses in equines in Brazil.
Abstract: Equines are susceptible to respiratory viruses such as influenza and parainfluenza. Respiratory diseases have adversely impacted economies all over the world. This study was intended to determine the presence of influenza and parainfluenza viruses in unvaccinated horses from some regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Blood serum collected from 72 equines of different towns in this state was tested by hemagglutination inhibition test to detect antibodies for both viruses using the corresponding antigens. About 98.6% (71) and 97.2% (70) of the equines responded with antibody protective titers (≥ 80 HIU/25µL) H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A viruses, respectively. All horses (72) also responded with protective titers (≥ 80) HIU/25µL against the parainfluenza virus. The difference between mean antibody titers to H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A viruses was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean titers for influenza and parainfluenza viruses, on the other hand, showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). These results indicate a better antibody response from equines to parainfluenza 3 virus than to the equine influenza viruses. No statistically significant differences in the responses against H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A and parainfluenza 3 viruses were observed according to the gender (female, male) or the age (≤ 2 to 20 years-old) groups. This study provides evidence of the concomitant presence of two subtypes of the equine influenza A (H7N7 and H3N8) viruses and the parainfluenza 3 virus in equines in Brazil. Thus, it is advisable to vaccinate equines against these respiratory viruses. Os equinos são susceptíveis aos vírus respiratórios, como o vírus influenza, e também tem sido citado o vírus parainfluenza. Doenças respiratórias têm impactado a economia em todo mundo. Este estudo intencionou determinar a presença dos vírus influenza e parainfluenza em equinos não vacinados de certas regiões do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os soros coletados de 72 equinos, de diferentes cidades deste Estado, foram submetidos ao teste de Inibição da Hemaglutinação (IH) com objetivo de detectar anticorpos contra os referidos vírus, usando antígenos correspondentes. Cerca de 98,8% (72) e 97,2% (70) desses equinos responderam com títulos protetores (≥ 80 UIH/25µL) para os subtipos HN e HN de vírus influenza, respectivamente. Todos equinos (72) responderam com títulos protetores (≥ 80 UIH/25µL) contra o vírus parainfluenza 3. A diferença entre as médias de anticorpos contra o vírus influenza A não foi estatisticamente significante ( > 0,05). As médias de títulos dos vírus influenza e parainfluenza, por outro lado, demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significante ( < 0,001). Esses resultados indicam melhor resposta de anticorpos pelos equinos ao vírus parainfluenza 3 do que ao vírus da influenza equina. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi observada nas respostas contra os vírus da influenza equina A (HN e HN) e parainfluenza 3, com relação ao gênero (fêmeas e machos) e grupo etário (≤ 2 até 20 anos) nos equinos avaliados. Este estudo fornece evidência da presença concomitante dos dois subtipos vírus influenza A (HN e HN) e do parainfluenza 3 em cavalos no Brasil. Portanto, é aconselhável a vacinação dos cavalos contra esses vírus respiratórios.
Publication Date: 2014-06-01 PubMed ID: 24878995PubMed Central: PMC4085858DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000300002Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article discusses a study conducted to determine the presence of respiratory viruses, specifically, influenza and parainfluenza, in unvaccinated horses in certain regions of São Paulo, Brazil. The study concluded that these viruses were indeed prevalent in horses from these regions, with a significant proportion of them showing an antibody response, hence making the case for the importance of vaccinating horses against these respiratory viruses.
Research Scope and Methodology
- This study was carried out in several regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The researchers collected blood serum samples from 72 non-vaccinated horses for the study. The horses varied in gender and age, making the sample quite representative of the general equine population in the region.
- The detection method for the presence of these viruses in the horses was a laboratory test known as the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. This test works by detecting antibodies to the influenza and parainfluenza viruses in the blood serum of the horses.
Findings of the Study
- The study’s results showed that a large majority of the horses in the sample responded to the presence of two subtypes of the influenza A virus, H7N7 and H3N8, as well as the parainfluenza virus. This is manifested in high antibody protective titers for these viruses.
- Specifically, about 98.6% (71 horses) showed a response to the H7N7 subtype, and about 97.2% (70 horses) showed a response to the H3N8 subtype of the influenza A virus. All the horses showed a response to the parainfluenza virus.
- The average (mean) levels of antibodies to the H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes did not show a significant statistical difference, while the mean antibody levels for the influenza and parainfluenza viruses did.
- Interestingly, the studies showed that horses had a better response to the parainfluenza 3 virus compared to the equine influenza viruses.
- Further, the study did not reveal any significant differences in the response to these viruses among different genders or age groups of the horses.
Implications of the Study
- The research provides evidence of the presence of the influenza A and parainfluenza 3 viruses in horses in Brazil. As such, these findings have significant implications for equine health and disease control strategies in Brazil and potentially other regions with similar conditions.
- Given the prevalence of these viruses, the study strongly recommends the vaccination of horses against these respiratory viruses to forestall economic losses that could result from disease outbreaks.
Cite This Article
APA
Mancini DA, Pereira AS, Mendonça RM, Kawamoto AH, Alves RC, Pinto JR, Mori E, Richtzenhain LJ, Mancini-Filho J.
(2014).
Presence of respiratory viruses in equines in Brazil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 56(3), 191-195.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000300002 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Scientific Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Scientific Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Scientific Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Scientific Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Scientific Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Scientific Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Female
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype / immunology
- Male
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / diagnosis
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
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