Fatal encephalitis due to novel paramyxovirus transmitted from horses.

O'Sullivan, JD
·
Allworth, AM
·
Paterson, DL
·
Snow, TM
·
Boots, R
·
Gleeson, LJ
·
Gould, AR
·
Hyatt, AD
·
Bradfield, J

Abstract: In September, 1994, an outbreak of severe respiratory disease affected 18 horses, their trainer, and a stablehand in Queensland, Australia. Fourteen horses and one human being died. A novel virus was isolated from those affected and named equine morbillivirus (EMV). We report a case of encephalitis caused by this virus. Results: A 35-year-old man from Queensland had a brief aseptic meningitic illness in August, 1994, shortly after caring for two horses that died from EMV infection and then assisting at their necropsies. He then suffered severe encephalitis 13 months later, characterised by uncontrolled focal and generalised epileptic activity. Rising titres of neutralising antibodies to EMV in the patient's serum at the time of the second illness suggested an anamnestic response. Distinctive cortical changes were shown on magnetic resonance neuroimaging and histopathological examination of the brain at necropsy. Immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy of brain tissue revealed pathology characteristic of the earlier cases of EMV infection. PCR on cerebrospinal fluid taken during the second illness, brain tissue, and serum retained from the original illness resulted in an amplified product identical to that previously described from EMV. Conclusions: The results of serology, PCR, electronmicroscopy, and immunohistochemistry strongly suggest that EMV was the cause of this patient's encephalitis, and that exposure to the virus occurred 3 months before the fatal illness.

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Publication Date: 1997-01-11 PubMed ID: 8996421DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)06162-4Google Scholar: Lookup

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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates a novel virus, named equine morbillivirus (EMV), that caused severe respiratory disease in horses and was later found to result in fatal encephalitis in a human who had cared for these horses. The study suggests that the human’s exposure to the virus and subsequent death was due to encephalitis resulting from the EMV infection.

Background and Case Presentation

Emerging in September 1994, an outbreak of severe respiratory disease affected 18 horses, their trainer, and a stablehand in Queensland, Australia. Fourteen horses and one human died as a result of the disease which was caused by a newly discovered virus, named equine morbillivirus (EMV).
A 35-year-old man who had previously cared for two horses who died of the EMV infection and assisted at their autopsy had an aseptic meningitic illness. He then developed severe encephalitis 13 months later, characterized by uncontrolled focal and generalised epileptic activity. Rising antibody titres against EMV in his serum during the second illness suggested an anamnestic response, indicating a rapid immune response to a previously encountered antigen.

Findings and Interpretation

Cortical changes were shown on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans and a histopathological examination of his brain at post-mortem confirmed these changes. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopies of the brain tissue revealed damage similar to that observed in the earlier cases of EMV infection.>
Further examination using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on cerebrospinal fluid from the second illness, brain tissue, and serum retained from the original illness resulted in amplified products identical to those previously described from EMV, linking the patient’s illness to EMV.

Conclusion

The research concludes that the combination of serology, PCR, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry results strongly suggest that EMV was indeed the cause of this patient’s encephalitis. Furthermore, it is suggested that exposure to the virus occurred three months before the fatal encephallitis presented itself.

This study highlights the potential zoonotic risks of EMV and underlines the importance of disease surveillance in animals due to their potential to spill over into human populations.

Cite This Article

APA

O'Sullivan JD, Allworth AM, Paterson DL, Snow TM, Boots R, Gleeson LJ, Gould AR, Hyatt AD, Bradfield J. (1997). Fatal encephalitis due to novel paramyxovirus transmitted from horses. Lancet, 349(9045), 93-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)06162-4

Publication

Lancet (London, England)

ISSN: 0140-6736

NlmUniqueID: 2985213R

Country: England

Language: English

Volume: 349

Issue: 9045

Pages: 93-95

Researcher Affiliations

O'Sullivan, J D

Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

Allworth, A M

Paterson, D L

Snow, T M

Boots, R

Gleeson, L J

Gould, A R

Hyatt, A D

Bradfield, J

MeSH Terms

Adult
Animals
Brain / pathology
Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
Fatal Outcome
Horse Diseases / transmission
Horses
Humans
Male
Meningoencephalitis / pathology
Meningoencephalitis / virology
Morbillivirus Infections / pathology
Morbillivirus Infections / transmission
Morbillivirus Infections / veterinary
Occupational Exposure / adverse effects
Zoonoses

Citations

This article has been cited 96 times.

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