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PloS one2017; 12(12); e0189728; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189728

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis in racehorses from the Sichuan province of southwestern China.

Abstract: Giardia intestinalis, a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite, is one of the most common causes of protozoal diarrhea in both humans and animals worldwide. Although G. intestinalis has been detected in many animals, information regarding its prevalence and genotype in Chinese racehorses is scarce. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of G. intestinalis in racehorses and performed molecular characterization of the pathogen to assess its zoonotic potential. Two hundred and sixty-four racehorse fecal samples from six equestrian clubs located in different regions of the Sichuan province of southwestern China were examined. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the gene encoding triose-phosphate isomerase (tpi) showed the prevalence of G. intestinalis to be 8.3% (22/264), and the prevalence in different clubs varied from 3.6% to 13.5%. Three assemblages were identified in the successfully sequenced samples, including the potentially zoonotic assemblages A (n = 5) and B (n = 14), the mouse-specific assemblage G (n = 3), and a mixed A and B assemblage. Sequence analysis of tpi, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and beta giardin (bg) loci revealed that the majority of sequences isolated from assemblage A were identical to the subtype AIV and assemblage B isolates showed variability among the nucleotide sequences of the subtype BIV. Using the nomenclature for the multilocus genotype (MLG) model, one each of multilocus genotypes A (MLG1) and B (MLG2) were identified, with MLG2 being a novel genotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate G. intestinalis in Chinese racehorses. The presence of both animal and human assemblages of G. intestinalis in racehorses indicated that these animals might constitute a potential zoonotic risk to human beings.
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Publication Date: 2017-12-20 PubMed ID: 29261753PubMed Central: PMC5738084DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189728Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers investigated the occurrence of a common parasitic organism Giardia intestinalis in racehorses in the Sichuan province of China and studied the genetic makeup of the identified parasites to determine their potential risks to humans.

Research purpose and methodology

  • This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype of Giardia intestinalis, a common cause of protozoal diarrhea, in racehorses in the Sichuan province of China due to a paucity of information on this subject.
  • Fecal samples from 264 racehorses across six equestrian clubs in different areas of the province were examined.
  • The researchers used a method known as Nested polymerase chain reaction to analyze the gene encoding triose-phosphate isomerase (tpi), which is present in G. intestinalis.

Key Findings

  • The study found that 8.3% of the samples, or 22 out of 264, were positive for G. intestinalis.
  • The prevalence varied across clubs, ranging from 3.6% to 13.5%.
  • Of the samples tested, three different groups of G. intestinalis were identified, named as assemblages (A, B, and G). Assemblages A (n = 5) and B (n = 14) can infect both animals and humans, while assemblage G (n = 3) is specific to mice.
  • Further investigation of the genetic sequences from these assemblages revealed that most assemblage A sequences matched subtype AIV while assemblage B sequences showed variation among subtype BIV sequences.
  • Within the samples, they identified one instance each of multilocus genotypes A (MLG1) and B (MLG2), with MLG2 being a new, previously unidentified genotype.

Conclusions and Implications

  • This is the first time G. intestinalis has been studied in racehorses in China, adding to our overall understanding of the parasite.
  • The presence of assemblages A and B, which can infect both animals and humans, suggests that racehorses may represent a potential zoonotic risk, meaning they may be capable of transmitting G. intestinalis to humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Deng L, Li W, Zhong Z, Liu X, Chai Y, Luo X, Song Y, Wang W, Gong C, Huang X, Hu Y, Fu H, He M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu K, Cao S, Peng G. (2017). Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis in racehorses from the Sichuan province of southwestern China. PLoS One, 12(12), e0189728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189728

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 12
Pages: e0189728
PII: e0189728

Researcher Affiliations

Deng, Lei
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Li, Wei
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Zhong, Zhijun
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Liu, Xuehan
  • College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
Chai, Yijun
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Luo, Xue
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Song, Yuan
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Wang, Wuyou
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Gong, Chao
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Huang, Xiangming
  • Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Hu, Yanchun
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Fu, Hualin
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
He, Min
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Wang, Ya
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Zhang, Yue
  • Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Wu, Kongju
  • Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Cao, Suizhong
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Peng, Guangneng
  • The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • China / epidemiology
  • Giardia lamblia / genetics
  • Giardia lamblia / isolation & purification
  • Horses / parasitology
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Prevalence

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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