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Home / Equine Research Bank / Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo / Prevalence of antibodies against influenza virus in non-vacc...
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo2014; 56(6); 487-492; doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000600006

Prevalence of antibodies against influenza virus in non-vaccinated equines from the Brazilian Pantanal.

Abstract: The prevalence of antibodies against Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) was determined in 529 equines living on ranches in the municipality of Poconé, Pantanal area of Brazil, by means of the hemagglutination inhibition test, using subtype H3N8 as antigen. The distribution and possible association among positive animal and ranches were evaluated by the chi-square test, spatial autoregressive and multiple linear regression models. The prevalence of antibodies against EIV was estimated at 45.2% (95% CI 30.2 - 61.1%) with titers ranging from 20 to 1,280 HAU. Seropositive equines were found on 92.0% of the surveyed ranches. Equine from non-flooded ranches (66.5%) and negativity in equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) (61.7%) were associated with antibodies against EIV. No spatial correlation was found among the ranches, but the ones located in non-flooded areas were associated with antibodies against EIV. A negative correlation was found between the prevalence of antibodies against EIV and the presence of EIAV positive animals on the ranches. The high prevalence of antibodies against EIV detected in this study suggests that the virus is circulating among the animals, and this statistical analysis indicates that the movement and aggregation of animals are factors associated to the transmission of the virus in the region. A prevalência de anticorpos para o vírus da Influenza Equina (VIE) no município de Poconé, MT. foi determinada em 529 equídeos pela técnica de Inibição da hemaglutinação utilizando como antígeno a variante H3N8 (SP/1/85). A distribuição da positividade e possíveis associações entre os animais e as propriedades foram avaliadas pelo teste do Qui-quadrado e pelos modelos espacial autoregressivo misto e de regressão linear múltipla. A prevalência de anticorpos para o VIE no município de Poconé foi estimada em 45,2% (IC 95% 30,2 - 61,1%) com títulos variando entre 20 e 1280UIH. Das fazendas analisadas 23 (92,0%) apresentaram animais soropositivos. Animais de fazendas não alagadas (66,5%) e negativos para Anemia Infecciosa Equina (AIE) (61,7%) foram associados a soropositividade. Não houve correlação espacial entre as fazendas estudadas, entretanto aquelas localizadas nas áreas não alagadas foram associadas à infecção. Observou-se correlação negativa entre a prevalência de anticorpos para o VIE e a presença de animais positivos para AIE nas propriedades. A elevada prevalência de anticorpos para o VIE detectada neste estudo sugere circulação viral ativa entre os animais, e as análises estatísticas indicam que o trânsito e aglomeração animal são fatores associados à transmissão do vírus na região.
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Publication Date: 2014-10-30 PubMed ID: 25351542PubMed Central: PMC4296868DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000600006Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about a study that was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) in horses from the Pantanal area of Brazil.

Method of Study

  • The researchers used the hemagglutination inhibition test, a common diagnostic test for influenza, on 529 equines to detect antibodies against EIV. They used subtype H3N8 of the virus for the antigen in the test.
  • The studied equines were living on ranches in the municipality of Poconé, located in the Pantanal area of Brazil.
  • The distribution of positive animals and a potential association among positive animal and ranches were evaluated using chi-square test, spatial autoregressive and multiple linear regression models. These are statistical methods used for analysis and interpretation of data.

Findings

  • The study found a prevalence of 45.2% of antibodies against EIV among the equines, with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 30.2% – 61.1%. This means that roughly between a third to a half of the horses tested had antibodies against EIV.
  • Antibody titers, or antibody levels, in these equines ranged from 20 to 1,280 Hemagglutination Units (HAU).
  • Moreover, seropositive equines (those with detectable antibodies against EIV in their blood) were found on 92.0% of the surveyed ranches, indicating a widespread presence of the virus.

Associated Factors

  • According to the study, equines from non-flooded ranches (66.5%) and those showing negativity in equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) testing (61.7%) were associated with antibodies against EIV.
  • No spatial correlation was found among the ranches, but the ones located in non-flooded areas were associated with antibodies against EIV.
  • The researchers also discovered a negative correlation between the prevalence of antibodies against EIV and the presence of EIAV positive animals on the ranches, meaning that where there were more EIAV positive animals, there were fewer with antibodies to EIV.

Implications

  • The high prevalence of antibodies against EIV found in this study suggests that the virus is actively circulating among the animals.
  • Statistical analysis from the study highlights that the movement and aggregation of animals are factors associated with the transmission of the virus in the region, implying potential management strategies for controlling the virus’ spread.

Cite This Article

APA
Gaíva e Silva L, Borges AM, Villalobos EM, Lara Mdo C, Cunha EM, de Oliveira AC, Braga IA, Aguiar DM. (2014). Prevalence of antibodies against influenza virus in non-vaccinated equines from the Brazilian Pantanal. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 56(6), 487-492. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000600006

Publication

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo
ISSN: 1678-9946
NlmUniqueID: 7507484
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 56
Issue: 6
Pages: 487-492
PII: S0036-46652014000600487

Researcher Affiliations

Gaíva e Silva, Lucas
  • Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
Borges, Alice Mamede Costa Marques
  • Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
Villalobos, Eliana Monteforte Cassaro
  • Laboratório de Raiva e Encefalites Virais, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Lara, Maria do Carmo Custodio Souza Hunold
  • Laboratório de Raiva e Encefalites Virais, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Cunha, Elenice Maria Siquetin
  • Laboratório de Raiva e Encefalites Virais, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
de Oliveira, Anderson Castro Soares
  • Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
Braga, Isis Assis
  • Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
Aguiar, Daniel Moura
  • Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horses
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
  • Male
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / diagnosis
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Population Surveillance
  • Prevalence

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Plata-Hipólito CB, Cedillo-Rosales S, Obregón-Macías N, Hernández-Luna CE, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Tamez-Guerra RS, Contreras-Cordero JF. Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equine (EIV) influenza virus in Nuevo León State, México.. PeerJ 2019;7:e8239.
    doi: 10.7717/peerj.8239pubmed: 31871842google scholar: lookup
  2. Singh RK, Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Khurana SK, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Virmani N, Singh R, Tripathi BN, Munir M, van der Kolk JH. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies.. Front Microbiol 2018;9:1941.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01941pubmed: 30237788google scholar: lookup
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