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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Med Sci / Prevalence of endo- and ecto-parasites of equines in Iran: A...
Veterinary medicine and science2020; 7(1); 25-34; doi: 10.1002/vms3.321

Prevalence of endo- and ecto-parasites of equines in Iran: A systematic review.

Abstract: Equines are subject to infection with many parasites, which threaten their health. In the present study, we systematically reviewed existing literature on the prevalence of endo- and ectoparasites of equines in Iran. Major electronic databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scientific Information Database (SID), were searched (Last updated 11/05/2018) for relevant literature of parasites that have been identified from equines in Iran. Of the 1809 titles produced by bibliographic search, 38 were included in the review. Twenty-seven of the studies were on horses, six on donkeys, three on both horses and donkeys, and one study was on both horses and mules. Furthermore, 24 of the studies reported infections caused by protozoa, thirteen by helminths, two by ectoparasites, and one by both protozoa and helminths. The overall pooled prevalence of parasitic infection was 28.8% (95%CI: 22.9-35.7, I  = 93.4%). Helminths were the most prevalent parasites 46.7% (95% CI: 24.1-70.7, I  = 96.0%). Furthermore, donkeys were the most affected equine, with a prevalence of 70.7% (95% CI: 53.2-83.7, I  = 92.5%). The protozoa frequently reported included nine species belonging to the genera: Neospora, Toxoplasma, Theileria, Babesia and Eimeria. Also, the helminths frequently reported included 21 species belonging to the genera: Strongylus, Dicrocoelium, Oxyuris, Habronema, Echinococcus, Dictyocaulus, Cyathostomum, Probstmayria, Anoplocephala, Setaria and Fasciola. Ticks were the only ectoparasites frequently reported. Parasitic fly species of the genera Gasterophilus were also reported. The study-level risk of bias was likely to be high because of differences in study design. Parasitic infections of equines in Iran are frequent and caused by a diversity of parasites, which threatens the health and well-being of these animals. Further research is needed in the area to identify the risk factors of infection for effective control of the parasites.
© 2020 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2020-07-09 PubMed ID: 32644306PubMed Central: PMC7840198DOI: 10.1002/vms3.321Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Systematic Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article reviews existing literature to determine the prevalence of both internal (endoparasites) and external (ectoparasites) parasites in equines (horses, donkeys, mules) in Iran. It found that parasitic infection is common and caused by a wide range of different species, posing significant threats to the health of these animals.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers carried out a systematic literature review, gathering data from major databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scientific Information Database (SID).
  • From the initial 1809 articles identified, 38 were considered relevant for inclusion in this review. These covered studies on horses, donkeys, mules or combinations thereof.
  • Through these studies, the researchers were able to identify the parasitic species affecting equines in Iran and estimate the overall prevalence of infection.

Findings

  • The overall estimated prevalence of parasitic infection in equines in Iran was found to be 28.8%.
  • Among the parasites, helminths (worm-like parasites) were the most common, with a presence in 46.7% of cases.
  • Donkeys were found to be the most commonly infected equine, with a parasitic infection prevalence of 70.7%.
  • The review found that there’s significant diversity in the parasitic species affecting equines. Common species belonged to the protozoa, helminth, and ectoparasite classes.

Implications and Conclusions

  • This study concluded that parasitic infections are frequent and diverse in equines in Iran, significantly challenging the health and wellbeing of these animals.
  • The authors recommended further research to identify the risk factors that lead to infection. This understanding will enable the development of effective control measures to keep the parasitic infections at bay.
  • However, the study also acknowledged that there could be a high risk of bias due to variations in the design of the reviewed studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Khamesipour F, Taktaz-Hafshejani T, Tebit KE, Razavi SM, Hosseini SR. (2020). Prevalence of endo- and ecto-parasites of equines in Iran: A systematic review. Vet Med Sci, 7(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.321

Publication

Veterinary medicine and science
ISSN: 2053-1095
NlmUniqueID: 101678837
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 25-34

Researcher Affiliations

Khamesipour, Faham
  • Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
  • Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Taktaz-Hafshejani, Taghi
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Tebit, Kwenti E
  • Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
Razavi, Seyed Mostafa
  • Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Hosseini, Seyed Reza
  • Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Ectoparasitic Infestations / epidemiology
  • Ectoparasitic Infestations / parasitology
  • Ectoparasitic Infestations / veterinary
  • Helminthiasis, Animal / epidemiology
  • Helminthiasis, Animal / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Iran / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • Protozoan Infections, Animal / epidemiology
  • Protozoan Infections, Animal / parasitology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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