Prevalence of equine herpesvirus-1 and equine herpesvirus-4 infections in equidae species in Turkey as determined by ELISA and multiplex nested PCR.
Abstract: In this report we examined the presence of specific antibodies against equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), and equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) in several equidae, including mules, donkeys, horses. The presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in respiratory diseases of equids, and ability of multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening in simultaneous diagnosis of horses acutely infected by EHV-1 and EHV-4 were also investigated. Sera from 504 horses, mules and donkeys sampled were tested for the presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 specific antibodies. Blood samples taken from 21 symptomatic horses and nasal swabs taken from 40 symptomatic horses were tested for the presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 by a multiplex nested PCR. A total of 14.3% (3/21) of buffy coat samples and 32.5% (13/40) nasal swab samples were found to contain EHV-1 DNA, while 19% (4/21) buffy coat samples and 22.5% (9/40) nasal swab samples were found to be positive for EHV-4 DNA. By species, 14.5% of horses, 37.2% of mules and 24.2% of donkeys tested were EHV-1 seropositive. EHV-4 specific antibodies were detected in 237 (81.7%) of 290 horse sera tested. Results from this investigation demonstrate that EHV-1 and EHV-4 are prevalent throughout the equid population, and that donkeys and mules might also represent an important source of infection for other equids. We also showed that the multiplex nested PCR assay might be useful for diagnosis of mixed respiratory infections in horses due to EHV-1 and EHV-4.
Publication Date: 2008-07-22 PubMed ID: 18649902DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.06.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study focuses on assessing the prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) in the different species of Equidae, including donkeys, mules, and horses in Turkey.
Research Methodology
- Scientists collected serum samples from 504 Equidae, distributing them between donkeys, mules and horses. The serum was tested for antibodies specific to EHV-1 and EHV-4.
- To test acutely infected horses, the team also previously collected buffy coat (a component of blood) samples from 21 symptomatic horses, along with nasal swabs from 40 symptomatic horses. The presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 was tested using multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Findings
- From the buffy coat samples, 14.3% had EHV-1 and 19% were positive for EHV-4 DNA.
- From the nasal swabs, 32.5% and 22.5% contained EHV-1 and EHV-4 DNA respectively.
- Regarding separate species, 14.5% of horses, 37.2% of mules and 24.2% of donkeys were positive for EHV-1 antibodies.
- The study also noted EHV-4-specific antibodies in 81.7% of the horse sera tested.
Takeaway
- These findings suggest a marked prevalence of both EHV-1 and EHV-4 in the Equidae population in Turkey. This means donkeys, mules, and horses harbour the viruses, implying a potential source of infection among them.
- Moreover, the authors highlight the utility of the multiplex nested PCR test for diagnosing mixed respiratory infections in horses linked to both EHV-1 and EHV-4. Its effectiveness opens pathways for high-scale screenings and measures towards prevention of the diseases.
Cite This Article
APA
Ataseven VS, Dağalp SB, Güzel M, Başaran Z, Tan MT, Geraghty B.
(2008).
Prevalence of equine herpesvirus-1 and equine herpesvirus-4 infections in equidae species in Turkey as determined by ELISA and multiplex nested PCR.
Res Vet Sci, 86(2), 339-344.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.06.001 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, 31040 Hatay, Turkey. soydalata@hotmail.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- DNA, Viral / chemistry
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
- Equidae
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / epidemiology
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / virology
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Turkey / epidemiology
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Mureşan A, Mureşan C, Siteavu M, Avram E, Bochynska D, Taulescu M. An Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus-4 in an Ecological Donkey Milk Farm in Romania.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 18;10(3).
- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1.. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- El Brini Z, Fassi Fihri O, Paillot R, Lotfi C, Amraoui F, El Ouadi H, Dehhaoui M, Colitti B, Alyakine H, Piro M. Seroprevalence of Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and Equine Herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in the Northern Moroccan Horse Populations.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Sep 29;11(10).
- Câmara RJF, Bueno BL, Resende CF, Balasuriya UBR, Sakamoto SM, Reis JKPD. Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 25;10(12).
- Seeber PA, Dayaram A, Sicks F, Osterrieder N, Franz M, Greenwood AD. Noninvasive Detection of Equid Herpesviruses in Fecal Samples.. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019 Feb 1;85(3).
- Ghoniem SM, El Deeb AH, Aggour MG, Hussein HA. Development and evaluation of a multiplex reverse-transcription real-time PCR assay for detection of equine respiratory disease viruses.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018 Nov;30(6):924-928.
- Yildirim Y, Yilmaz V, Kirmizigul AH. Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) infections in horses and donkeys in northeastern Turkey.. Iran J Vet Res 2015 Fall;16(4):341-4.
- Jiménez D, Romero-Zuñiga JJ, Dolz G. Serosurveillance of infectious agents in equines of the Central Valley of Costa Rica.. Open Vet J 2014;4(2):107-12.
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