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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Rec / Prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 in trigeminal gangli...
The Veterinary record2010; 167(10); 376-378; doi: 10.1136/vr.c3748

Prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 in trigeminal ganglia and submandibular lymph nodes of equids examined postmortem.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to detect and characterise the biovar of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) from submandibular lymph nodes (SMLNs) and trigeminal ganglia from 153 equids undergoing routine postmortem examination for various medical and surgical reasons. A combination of nucleic acid precipitation and preamplification steps was used to increase the analytical sensitivity of the analysis. The presence of latent EHV-1 was determined when tissue samples were PCR-positive for the glycoprotein B (gB) gene and the DNA polymerase (ORF 30) gene of EHV-1 in the absence of detectable late structural protein gene (gB gene) mRNA. The SMLNs of five of the study animals (3.3 per cent) were PCR-positive for the gB gene of EHV-1. Two SMLNs carried a latent neurotropic strain of the virus, whereas three SMLNs were PCR-positive for both neurotropic and non-neurotropic EHV-1. A total of 30 trigeminal ganglia collected from 19 horses were PCR-positive for the gB gene of EHV-1. Nine trigeminal ganglia harboured either latent non-neurotropic or neurotropic EHV-1 strains. Twelve trigeminal ganglia contained both latent neurotropic and non-neurotropic EHV-1. The prevalence and distribution of EHV-1 biovars among the study horses appeared to be influenced by their breed and the type of tissue tested.
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Publication Date: 2010-09-08 PubMed ID: 20817899DOI: 10.1136/vr.c3748Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in the lymph nodes and trigeminal ganglia of 153 horses undergoing postmortem analysis for various unrelated reasons. Techniques were used to enhance detection sensitivity and determine whether the EHV-1 present was latent or active. Analysis showed varying degrees of prevalence and distribution of EHV-1 among horses, influenced by their breed and the tissue type sampled.

Research Methodology

  • The study examined submandibular lymph nodes (SMLNs) and trigeminal ganglia from 153 horses which had undergone a routine postmortem examination for medical and surgical reasons unrelated to this study. They sought to detect and characterise the biovar, or strain, of EHV-1 present.
  • The researchers used a combination of nucleic acid precipitation and preamplification steps. This was intended to increase the analytical sensitivity in their analysis, thereby making it easier to detect the presence of EHV-1.
  • The presence of latent EHV-1 was determined when tissue samples were PCR-positive for two genes (the glycoprotein B gene and the DNA polymerase gene) of EHV-1. This was in the absence of detectable gB gene mRNA, indicating that the virus was latent rather than active.

Key Findings

  • The analysis revealed that the SMLNs of five animals (3.3% of the subjects) were PCR-positive for EHV-1’s gB gene. Two of these carried a latent strain of the virus that could potentially affect the nervous system (neurotropic), while three were found to be positive for both neurotropic and non-neurotropic EHV-1.
  • A total of 30 trigeminal ganglia taken from 19 horses were also found to be PCR-positive for the EHV-1 gB gene. Nine of these harboured latent strains of either neurotropic or non-neurotropic EHV-1. Meanwhile, twelve trigeminal ganglia contained both types of latent EHV-1.
  • The study found that the prevalence and distribution of EHV-1 strains among the horses appeared to be influenced by both the breed of the horse and the type of tissue being tested.

Implications of the Research

  • This research is significant in understanding the prevalence of EHV-1 in horses, particularly in determining whether the virus is in its latent form and able to affect the nervous system.
  • The findings have implications for further research to better understand the role of breeds in EHV-1 prevalence, and to enhance detection and prevention methods.

Cite This Article

APA
Pusterla N, Mapes S, Wilson WD. (2010). Prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 in trigeminal ganglia and submandibular lymph nodes of equids examined postmortem. Vet Rec, 167(10), 376-378. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.c3748

Publication

The Veterinary record
ISSN: 2042-7670
NlmUniqueID: 0031164
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 167
Issue: 10
Pages: 376-378

Researcher Affiliations

Pusterla, N
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. npusterla@ucdavis.edu
Mapes, S
    Wilson, W D

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • DNA, Viral / analysis
      • Disease Reservoirs / veterinary
      • Disease Reservoirs / virology
      • Equidae / virology
      • Female
      • Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
      • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
      • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
      • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
      • Horse Diseases / virology
      • Horses
      • Lymph Nodes / virology
      • Male
      • Prevalence
      • Trigeminal Ganglion / virology

      Citations

      This article has been cited 10 times.
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        doi: 10.3390/pathogens11101154pubmed: 36297210google scholar: lookup
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      3. Samoilowa S, Giessler KS, Torres CEM, Hussey GS, Allum A, Fux R, Jerke C, Kiupel M, Matiasek K, Sledge DG, Goehring LS. Equid herpesvirus-1 Distribution in Equine Lymphoid and Neural Tissues 70 Days Post Infection.. Pathogens 2021 Jun 5;10(6).
        doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060707pubmed: 34198884google scholar: lookup
      4. Zarski LM, Vaala WE, Barnett DC, Bain FT, Soboll Hussey G. A Live-Attenuated Equine Influenza Vaccine Stimulates Innate Immunity in Equine Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures That Could Provide Protection From Equine Herpesvirus 1.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:674850.
        doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.674850pubmed: 34179166google scholar: lookup
      5. Zarski LM, Giessler KS, Jacob SI, Weber PSD, McCauley AG, Lee Y, Soboll Hussey G. Identification of Host Factors Associated with the Development of Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy by Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Horses.. Viruses 2021 Feb 24;13(3).
        doi: 10.3390/v13030356pubmed: 33668216google scholar: lookup
      6. Zarski LM, Weber PSD, Lee Y, Soboll Hussey G. Transcriptomic Profiling of Equine and Viral Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Horses during Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection.. Pathogens 2021 Jan 7;10(1).
        doi: 10.3390/pathogens10010043pubmed: 33430330google scholar: lookup
      7. Giessler KS, Samoilowa S, Soboll Hussey G, Kiupel M, Matiasek K, Sledge DG, Liesche F, Schlegel J, Fux R, Goehring LS. Viral Load and Cell Tropism During Early Latent Equid Herpesvirus 1 Infection Differ Over Time in Lymphoid and Neural Tissue Samples From Experimentally Infected Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:621.
        doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00621pubmed: 33102556google scholar: lookup
      8. Schnabel CL, Wimer CL, Perkins G, Babasyan S, Freer H, Watts C, Rollins A, Osterrieder N, Wagner B. Deletion of the ORF2 gene of the neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type 1 strain Ab4 reduces virulence while maintaining strong immunogenicity.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Aug 22;14(1):245.
        doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1563-4pubmed: 30134896google scholar: lookup
      9. Bryant NA, Wilkie GS, Russell CA, Compston L, Grafham D, Clissold L, McLay K, Medcalf L, Newton R, Davison AJ, Elton DM. Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks.. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018 Jun;65(3):817-832.
        doi: 10.1111/tbed.12809pubmed: 29423949google scholar: lookup
      10. Maxwell LK, Bentz BG, Gilliam LL, Ritchey JW, Pusterla N, Eberle R, Holbrook TC, McFarlane D, Rezabek GB, Meinkoth J, Whitfield C, Goad CL, Allen GP. Efficacy of the early administration of valacyclovir hydrochloride for the treatment of neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type-1 infection in horses.. Am J Vet Res 2017 Oct;78(10):1126-1139.
        doi: 10.2460/ajvr.78.10.1126pubmed: 28945127google scholar: lookup
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