Prevalence of equine lungworm (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) infection and associated risk factors in Egypt.

Overview

• This study investigates the prevalence of the equine lungworm parasite Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in donkeys, mules, and horses across three governorates in Egypt.
• It also examines risk factors such as species, age, body condition, and deworming history that contribute to infection rates.

Background

• Equine lungworm (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) is a parasitic respiratory disease affecting equines (horses, donkeys, mules).
• Infection can negatively impact animal health, welfare, and productivity by causing respiratory distress and other complications.
• Despite its importance, there is limited epidemiological data on lungworm infections in many parts of Egypt.

Study Design

• A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 415 equines from three Egyptian governorates.
• The study population included 150 donkeys, 55 mules, and 210 horses.
• Each animal was examined for lungworm infection, and data on species, age, body condition, and history of deworming were collected.
• Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between infection prevalence and the collected risk factors.

Key Findings

• The overall prevalence of D. arnfieldi infection among all sampled equines was 41% (170 out of 415 animals).
• Species-specific prevalence:
  • Donkeys showed the highest infection rate at 51.3%.
  • Mules had the lowest infection rate at 20%.
  • Horses fell in between these two groups.
• Significant associations with infection were found for:
  • Age: Equines older than 8 years were more frequently infected (54.7%).
  • Body condition: Animals with poor body condition had a higher prevalence (52.4%).
  • Deworming history: Those not previously dewormed experienced more infections (54.6%).

Interpretation and Implications

• Donkeys serve as the primary reservoir for D. arnfieldi, maintaining and spreading infection among equine populations.
• The high prevalence among older and poorly conditioned animals suggests that chronic infection or insufficient management may worsen health status.
• Lack of regular deworming significantly increases lungworm infection risk, highlighting gaps in parasite control.
• Findings emphasize the need for targeted control strategies such as:
  • Routine and species-specific deworming programs.
  • Improved veterinary care focused on early detection and treatment.
  • Better management practices to enhance animal nutrition and overall health, particularly for donkeys.
• Implementing these measures is essential to reduce lungworm prevalence, improve equine health, and increase productivity across Egyptian equine populations.