Prevalence of occlusal pulpar exposure in 110 equine cheek teeth with apical infections and idiopathic fractures.
Abstract: Examination of 110 cheek teeth (CT) that were clinically extracted (between 2004 and 2008) because of apical infection (n=79; mean dental age 3.5 years) or idiopathic CT fractures (n=31; median dental age 8.5 years), including examinations of transverse and longitudinal sections, showed the apical infections to be mainly (68%) due to anachoresis, with the residual cases caused by periodontal spread, infundibular caries spread, fissure fractures and dysplasia. The idiopathic fracture patterns were similar to previously described patterns. Occlusal pulpar exposure was found in 32% of apically infected CT, including multiple pulps in 27% and a single pulp in 5%. However, 10% of apically infected CT had changes to the occlusal secondary dentine, termed occlusal pitting, but did not have exposure of the underlying pulp. Multiple pulpar exposures occurred in some CT with apical infections, and the combination of pulp involvement reflects the anatomical relationships of these pulps. A higher proportion (42%) of CT extracted because idiopathic fractures had pulpar exposure (26% multiple, 16% single pulps), especially with midline sagittal maxillary and miscellaneous pattern mandibular CT fractures, but only (3%) had occlusal pitting.
Publication Date: 2008-11-17 PubMed ID: 19010702DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.09.026Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Anatomy
- Case Reports
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Clinical Symptoms
- Dental Health
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Science
- Horses
- Infection
- Veterinary Care
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Summary
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The study investigates the incidence of occlusal pulpar exposure in horse cheek teeth that have been clinically extracted due to apical infection or idiopathic fractures. It was found that 32% of horse teeth with apical infections and 42% with idiopathic fractures had pulpar exposure.
Methods
- This study examined 110 cheek teeth that were extracted from horses between 2004 and 2008.
- Of these, 79 teeth were extracted due to apical infection, while 31 were due to idiopathic fractures. The average age of the teeth due to infection was 3.5 years, while those due to fractures were 8.5 years.
- Investigation was done through examination of the transverse and longitudinal sections of the extracted teeth.
Findings
- Analyses revealed that 68% of apical infections were primarily caused by anachoresis. The rest were due to periodontal spread, spread of infundibular caries, fissure fractures, and dysplasia.
- For those extracted due to idiopathic fractures, the patterns were similar to patterns previously described in literature.
- The study found occlusal pulpar exposure in 32% of the teeth with apical infections, with 27% involving multiple pulps and 5% a single pulp.
- Interestingly, 10% of teeth with apical infections displayed changes to the occlusal secondary dentine, a phenomenon termed occlusal pitting, without the exposure of the underlying pulp.
- For the teeth extracted due to idiopathic fractures, a higher incidence (42%) of pulpar exposure was observed. This included 26% with multiple pulps exposed and 16% with a single exposed pulp. However, only 3% showed occlusal pitting.
Conclusions and Implications
- The occurrence of multiple pulpar exposures suggests that the extent of pulp involvement in these dental conditions reflects their anatomical relationship.
- The results highlight the fact that occlusal pulpar exposure is a common feature in horse teeth extracted due to apical infection or idiopathic fractures.
- This study contributes to our understanding of equine dental diseases, which is crucial in improving dental care and treatment for horses.
Cite This Article
APA
van den Enden MS, Dixon PM.
(2008).
Prevalence of occlusal pulpar exposure in 110 equine cheek teeth with apical infections and idiopathic fractures.
Vet J, 178(3), 364-371.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.09.026 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Department of Clinical Science, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Dental Pulp / pathology
- Dentistry / methods
- Dentistry / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Prevalence
- Tooth Diseases / epidemiology
- Tooth Diseases / pathology
- Tooth Diseases / veterinary
- Tooth Extraction / veterinary
- Tooth Fractures / epidemiology
- Tooth Fractures / pathology
- Tooth Fractures / veterinary
- Veterinary Medicine / methods
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Bishop IT. Diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in horses.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:971886.
- Stieger-Vanegas SM, Hanna AL. The Role of Computed Tomography in Imaging Non-neurologic Disorders of the Head in Equine Patients.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:798216.
- Kau S, Mansfeld MD, Šoba A, Zwick T, Staszyk C. The facultative human oral pathogen Prevotella histicola in equine cheek tooth apical/ periapical infection: a case report.. BMC Vet Res 2021 Oct 30;17(1):343.
- Pollaris E, Broeckx BJG, Rajasekharan S, Cauwels R, Vlaminck L. Fracture Resistance of Equine Cheek Teeth With and Without Occlusal Fissures: A Standardized ex vivo Model.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:699940.
- Dixon PM, Kennedy R, Reardon RJM. Equine "Idiopathic" and Infundibular Caries-Related Cheek Teeth Fractures: A Long-Term Study of 486 Fractured Teeth in 300 Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:646870.
- Pollaris E, Broeckx BJG, Vlaminck L. Occlusal Fissures in Equine Cheek Teeth: A Prospective Longitudinal in vivo Study.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:604420.
- Haeussler S, Luepke M, Seifert H, Staszyk C. Intra-pulp temperature increase of equine cheek teeth during treatment with motorized grinding systems: influence of grinding head position and rotational speed.. BMC Vet Res 2014 Feb 21;10:47.
- Cordes V, Lüpke M, Gardemin M, Seifert H, Staszyk C. Periodontal biomechanics: finite element simulations of closing stroke and power stroke in equine cheek teeth.. BMC Vet Res 2012 Jul 11;8:60.
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