Probing the role of water in lamellar bone by dehydration in the environmental scanning electron microscope.
Abstract: Water, collagen and mineral are the three major components of bone. The structural organization of water and its functions within the bone were investigated using the environmental scanning electron microscope and by analyzing dimensional changes that occur when fresh equine osteonal bone is dehydrated and then rehydrated. These changes are attributed mainly to loss of bulk and weakly bound water. In longitudinal sections a contraction of 1.2% was observed perpendicular to the lamellae, whereas no contraction occurred parallel to the lamellae. In transverse sections a contraction of 1.4% was observed both parallel and perpendicular to the lamellae. SEM back scattered electron images showed that about half of an individual lamella is less mineralized, and thus has more water than the other half. We therefore propose that contractions perpendicular to lamellae are due to the presence of more water-filled rather than mineral-filled channels within the mineralized collagen fibril arrays. As these channels are also aligned with the crystal planes, the crystal arrays, oriented as depicted in the rotated plywood model for lamellar bone, facilitate or hinder contraction in different directions.
Publication Date: 2008-01-11 PubMed ID: 18440829DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.01.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- N.I.H.
- Extramural
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research studies the role of water in the structural organization of bone using environmental scanning electron microscopy. It further analyzes how dehydration and rehydration affects equine bone structure, attributing changes largely to the loss and regain of bulk water.
Methodology and Experimentation
- This study utilized Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM), a technique that allows imaging of wet and insulating materials at high resolution in their natural state.
- Equine osteonal bone was used for the experiments, subjected to dehydration, and rehydration. This bone type was selected due to its well-defined, typical lamellar structure.
Findings and Observations
- Dimensional changes were measured as the bone was dehydrated and rehydrated. A notable contraction of 1.2% was found perpendicular to the bone’s lamellae while the bone was dehydrated. Meanwhile, no contraction occurred parallel to the lamellae.
- Upon observation of transverse sections, a uniform contraction of 1.4% was noted both parallel and perpendicular to the lamellae.
- The imagery from the ESEM suggested that an individual lamella is partially less mineralized, indicating that it contains more water than other more-mineralized sections of the bone.
Interpretation and Theory
- The researchers proposed that the observed contractions perpendicular to the lamellae during dehydration are caused by the presence of more water within these less mineralized channels. As the water is lost during dehydration, these channels contract.
- The directional contractions are potentially guided by the alignment of water-filled channels and crystal planes in the bone. These structures correlate with the rotated plywood model of lamellar bone structure, wherein arrays of crystal facilitate or hinder contraction in different directions.
Conclusions and Implications
- This research highlights the critical role of water within bone structure and how its presence or absence can impact the structural organization of the bone.
- This understanding can potentially guide future research on bone health, diseases, and treatment strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Utku FS, Klein E, Saybasili H, Yucesoy CA, Weiner S.
(2008).
Probing the role of water in lamellar bone by dehydration in the environmental scanning electron microscope.
J Struct Biol, 162(3), 361-367.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2008.01.004 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Boğaziçi University, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kuzey Kampus, Kare Bina, RumeliHisarustu, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey. bilgenfe@boun.edu.tr
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone Development
- Bone and Bones / metabolism
- Calcification, Physiologic
- Collagen / chemistry
- Crystallization
- Electrons
- Female
- Horses
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / methods
- Scattering, Radiation
- Water / chemistry
Grant Funding
- R01 DE006954 / NIDCR NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Alunni Cardinali M, Di Michele A, Mattarelli M, Caponi S, Govoni M, Dallari D, Brogini S, Masia F, Borri P, Langbein W, Palombo F, Morresi A, Fioretto D. Brillouin-Raman microspectroscopy for the morpho-mechanical imaging of human lamellar bone.. J R Soc Interface 2022 Feb;19(187):20210642.
- Tai Z, Wei J, Zhou J, Liao Y, Wu C, Shang Y, Wang B, Wang Q. Water-mediated crystallohydrate-polymer composite as a phase-change electrolyte.. Nat Commun 2020 Apr 15;11(1):1843.
- Shah FA, Ruscsák K, Palmquist A. 50 years of scanning electron microscopy of bone-a comprehensive overview of the important discoveries made and insights gained into bone material properties in health, disease, and taphonomy.. Bone Res 2019;7:15.
- Lee W, Toussaint KC Jr. Quantitative analysis of the effect of environmental-scanning electron microscopy on collagenous tissues.. Sci Rep 2018 May 31;8(1):8491.
- Genthial R, Beaurepaire E, Schanne-Klein MC, Peyrin F, Farlay D, Olivier C, Bala Y, Boivin G, Vial JC, Débarre D, Gourrier A. Label-free imaging of bone multiscale porosity and interfaces using third-harmonic generation microscopy.. Sci Rep 2017 Jun 13;7(1):3419.
- Shemesh M, Addadi L, Geiger B. Surface microtopography modulates sealing zone development in osteoclasts cultured on bone.. J R Soc Interface 2017 Feb;14(127).
- Marinozzi F, Bini F, Quintino A, Corcione M, Marinozzi A. Experimental study of diffusion coefficients of water through the collagen: apatite porosity in human trabecular bone tissue.. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:796519.
- Marinozzi F, Bini F, Marinozzi A. Water uptake and swelling in single trabeculæ from human femur head.. Biomatter 2014;4:e28237.
- Granke M, Gourrier A, Rupin F, Raum K, Peyrin F, Burghammer M, Saïed A, Laugier P. Microfibril orientation dominates the microelastic properties of human bone tissue at the lamellar length scale.. PLoS One 2013;8(3):e58043.
- Ong HH, Wright AC, Wehrli FW. Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance unambiguously quantifies pore and collagen-bound water in cortical bone.. J Bone Miner Res 2012 Dec;27(12):2573-81.
- Kim YK, Mai S, Mazzoni A, Liu Y, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Takahashi K, Zhang K, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Biomimetic remineralization as a progressive dehydration mechanism of collagen matrices--implications in the aging of resin-dentin bonds.. Acta Biomater 2010 Sep;6(9):3729-39.
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