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BMC veterinary research2025; 21(1); 509; doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04956-w

Probing Wnt pathway and functional signal in equine melanocytic neoplasms through quantitative proteomics and immunohistochemistry.

Abstract: Equine melanocytic neoplasm (EMN) is a skin tumor commonly observed in grey horses. Limited research has yet to investigate proteomic profiles of EMN, particularly in the early stages and their expression patterns. This study, therefore, aimed to identify signature proteins from tissue biopsies to distinguish early EMN, severe EMN, and normal groups. Results: Using proteomic analysis of 19 tissue samples (normal: n = 6, early EMN: n = 7, severe EMN: n = 6) through LC-MS/MS, 12,310 proteins were identified. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and functional interaction analysis revealed significant overexpression of Wnt signature proteins, e.g., canonical (Wnt2B) and non-canonical (Wnt5B) Wnt signaling in early EMN stages. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) towards immunolocalizing Wnt signature protein, particularly the Wnt2B functional signal, further verified its higher expression in early EMN compared to other groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the Wnt pathway and functional insight are key mediators in signal transduction during early EMN, offering potential markers for initial stage detection. This study enhances the understanding of EMN mechanisms and the role of Wnt proteins, with implications for developing future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
© 2025. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2025-08-07 PubMed ID: 40775356PubMed Central: PMC12329947DOI: 10.1186/s12917-025-04956-wGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the underlying proteins that play a role in equine melanocytic neoplasm (EMN), a prevalent skin tumor in grey horses. The researchers discovered a significant overexpression of Wnt signature proteins in the early stages of EMN, suggesting they could serve as markers for detection.

Study Objective

  • The main objective of the study was to analyze the proteomic profiles in tissue samples of EMN, with a specific focus on distinguishing the early stages of EMN from severe EMN and normal tissue categories.

Methodology

  • 19 tissue samples were collected, including six normal samples, seven early EMN samples, and six severe EMN samples.
  • These samples were then subjected to proteomic analysis using a method called Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • Through this process, they identified more than 12,000 proteins.
  • The researchers then looked for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and analyzed the functional interactions of these proteins.
  • Further verification of these findings was carried out using Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) to identify the localization of Wnt signature proteins, particularly Wnt2B.

Results

  • The analysis revealed a significant overexpression of Wnt signature proteins, including Wnt2B (canonical) and Wnt5B (non-canonical), in the early stages of EMN.
  • This overexpression was further verified by IHC, which confirmed a higher presence of Wnt2B in early EMN samples compared to the other groups.

Conclusions

  • The study confirms the central role of Wnt proteins, particularly Wnt2B, in the early stages of EMN signal transduction.
  • The findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms behind EMN and the role of Wnt proteins, potentially making them markers for the detection of initial stage EMN.
  • The results also have implications for the development of future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for EMN.

Cite This Article

APA
Tesena P, Vinijkumthorn R, Kingkaw A, Yanyongsirikarn P, Phasuk K, Ploypetch S, Phaonakrop N, Roytrakul S, Vongsangnak W, Prapaiwan N. (2025). Probing Wnt pathway and functional signal in equine melanocytic neoplasms through quantitative proteomics and immunohistochemistry. BMC Vet Res, 21(1), 509. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04956-w

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 509
PII: 509

Researcher Affiliations

Tesena, Parichart
  • Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Vinijkumthorn, Ruethaiwan
  • Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Kingkaw, Amornthep
  • Faculty of Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
Yanyongsirikarn, Petchpailin
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, Equine Clinic, Prasuarthon Small Animal Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Phasuk, Khajornpol
  • Veterinary Medicine Disposal and Animal Husbandry, Sub-Division Patrol Special Operation Division, Mounted Police Sub-Division, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
Ploypetch, Sekkarin
  • Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Phaonakrop, Narumon
  • Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
Roytrakul, Sittiruk
  • Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
Vongsangnak, Wanwipa
  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. wanwipa.v@ku.ac.th.
  • Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. wanwipa.v@ku.ac.th.
Prapaiwan, Nawarus
  • Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. nawarus.pra@mahidol.ac.th.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Proteomics
  • Wnt Signaling Pathway / physiology
  • Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
  • Melanoma / veterinary
  • Melanoma / metabolism
  • Melanoma / pathology
  • Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
  • Skin Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology
  • Male
  • Female
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures involving animals were done in compliance with animal welfare and ethical guidelines provided by The Faculty of Veterinary Science, which approved the experimental protocol; Mahidol University-Institute Animal Care and Use Committee (FVS-MU-IACUC) reviewed and approved the experiment under permission No. MUVS-2023–04-30; the horse owners signed an informed consent form. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

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