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Journal of virology2011; 85(13); 6814-6818; doi: 10.1128/JVI.00077-11

Protective effects of broadly neutralizing immunoglobulin against homologous and heterologous equine infectious anemia virus infection in horses with severe combined immunodeficiency.

Abstract: Using the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) lentivirus model system, we previously demonstrated protective effects of broadly neutralizing immune plasma in young horses (foals) with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). However, in vivo selection of a neutralization-resistant envelope variant occurred. Here, we determined the protective effects of purified immunoglobulin with more potent broadly neutralizing activity. Overall, protection correlated with the breadth and potency of neutralizing activity in vitro. Four of five SCID foals were completely protected against homologous challenge, while partial protection occurred following heterologous challenge. These results support the inclusion of broadly neutralizing antibodies in lentivirus control strategies.
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Publication Date: 2011-05-04 PubMed ID: 21543497PubMed Central: PMC3126505DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00077-11Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study shows that using a specific kind of purified immunoglobulin (a type of antibody) provided significant protection for young horses with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) against the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The findings suggest that using these broadly neutralizing antibodies could be effective in combatting similar viral infections.

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV)

  • Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a viral disease, affecting horses, with no cure. It’s caused by a lentivirus of the retrovirus family.
  • The scientists used this as their model system in their research study.

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in Foals

  • SCID is a genetic disease which severely affects the immune system of a foal (young horse), unable to effectively fight against infectious diseases.
  • The researchers used SCID foals in their studies to observe the protective effects of immune plasma in a situation where the immune response is typically deficient.

Neutralizing Immune Plasma and Envelope Variant

  • In previous research, the scientists noticed that immune plasma (containing components such as antibodies) had a protective effect against the EIAV. However, the virus developed a resistance against this neutralizing effect over time (neutralization-resistant envelope variant).
  • The immune plasma neutralized the virus, but the virus managed to evolve, rendering the immune plasma protection less effective over time.

Purified Immunoglobulin

  • In this study, the researchers used purified immunoglobulin with a more potent, broadly neutralizing activity. Immunoglobulins are proteins in our immune system which act as antibodies.
  • These immunoglobulins were able to provide protection against the same strain of virus (homologous challenge) and also showed some protection against a different strain of the virus (heterologous challenge).
  • This result implies that broadly neutralizing antibodies are crucial in the control strategies of lentiviruses.

Conclusion

  • This research supports the idea of including broadly neutralizing antibodies in strategies to control lentivirus infections. Such antibodies showed promising results in the tests, suggesting potential for them to be used as treatments against various virus strains.

Cite This Article

APA
Taylor SD, Leib SR, Wu W, Nelson R, Carpenter S, Mealey RH. (2011). Protective effects of broadly neutralizing immunoglobulin against homologous and heterologous equine infectious anemia virus infection in horses with severe combined immunodeficiency. J Virol, 85(13), 6814-6818. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00077-11

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 85
Issue: 13
Pages: 6814-6818

Researcher Affiliations

Taylor, Sandra D
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
Leib, Steven R
    Wu, Wuwei
      Nelson, Robert
        Carpenter, Susan
          Mealey, Robert H

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Antibodies, Neutralizing / administration & dosage
            • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
            • Antibodies, Viral / administration & dosage
            • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
            • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
            • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
            • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
            • Horse Diseases / immunology
            • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
            • Horse Diseases / virology
            • Horses
            • Immunoglobulins / administration & dosage
            • Immunoglobulins / immunology
            • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
            • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / immunology
            • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / veterinary
            • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / virology

            Grant Funding

            • K02 AI073101 / NIAID NIH HHS
            • T32 AI007025 / NIAID NIH HHS
            • R01 CA128568 / NCI NIH HHS
            • AI073101 / NIAID NIH HHS
            • CA128568 / NCI NIH HHS

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            Citations

            This article has been cited 4 times.
            1. Hull-Nye D, Meadows T, Smith SR, Schwartz EJ. Key Factors and Parameter Ranges for Immune Control of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Infection. Viruses 2023 Mar 6;15(3).
              doi: 10.3390/v15030691pubmed: 36992401google scholar: lookup
            2. Schwartz EJ, Costris-Vas C, Smith SR. Modelling Mutation in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Infection Suggests a Path to Viral Clearance with Repeated Vaccination. Viruses 2021 Dec 6;13(12).
              doi: 10.3390/v13122450pubmed: 34960718google scholar: lookup
            3. Schwartz EJ, Smith RJ. Identifying the Conditions Under Which Antibodies Protect Against Infection by Equine Infectious Anemia Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 May 27;2(2):397-421.
              doi: 10.3390/vaccines2020397pubmed: 26344625google scholar: lookup
            4. Schwartz EJ, Nanda S, Mealey RH. Antibody escape kinetics of equine infectious anemia virus infection of horses. J Virol 2015 Jul;89(13):6945-51.
              doi: 10.1128/JVI.00137-15pubmed: 25878104google scholar: lookup
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