FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Protein catabolism and high lipid metabolism associated with...
PloS one2014; 9(3); e90730; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090730

Protein catabolism and high lipid metabolism associated with long-distance exercise are revealed by plasma NMR metabolomics in endurance horses.

Abstract: During long distance endurance races, horses undergo high physiological and metabolic stresses. The adaptation processes involve the modulation of the energetic pathways in order to meet the energy demand. The aims were to evaluate the effects of long endurance exercise on the plasma metabolomic profiles and to investigate the relationships with the individual horse performances. The metabolomic profiles of the horses were analyzed using the non-dedicated methodology, NMR spectroscopy and statistical multivariate analysis. The advantage of this method is to investigate several metabolomic pathways at the same time in a single sample. The plasmas were obtained before exercise (BE) and post exercise (PE) from 69 horses competing in three endurance races at national level (130-160 km). Biochemical assays were also performed on the samples taken at PE. The proton NMR spectra were compared using the supervised orthogonal projection on latent structure method according to several factors. Among these factors, the race location was not significant whereas the effect of the race exercise (sample BE vs PE of same horse) was highly discriminating. This result was confirmed by the projection of unpaired samples (only BE or PE sample of different horses). The metabolomic profiles proved that protein, energetic and lipid metabolisms as well as glycoproteins content are highly affected by the long endurance exercise. The BE samples from finisher horses could be discriminated according to the racing speed based on their metabolomic lipid content. The PE samples could be discriminated according to the horse ranking position at the end of the race with lactate as unique correlated metabolite. As a conclusion, the metabolomic profiles of plasmas taken before and after the race provided a better understanding of the high energy demand and protein catabolism pathway that could expose the horses to metabolic disorders.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2014-03-21 PubMed ID: 24658361PubMed Central: PMC3962349DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090730Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study examines how long-distance endurance exercise impacts the metabolic pathways in horses. Utilizing non-targeted NMR spectroscopy, this study captures changes in protein, energy, and lipid metabolisms, confirming that these metabolic processes are significantly affected by endurance exercise.

Overview of the Research

  • This research aims to understand the effects of long-distance endurance exercise on the metabolic profiles of horses and how these changes correlate with individual racing performance.
  • The study involved 69 horses taking part in three different endurance races (ranging from 130 to 160 km), with blood samples taken before and after the race to capture alterations in metabolic profiles.

Methodology

  • Horses’ plasma metabolomic profiles were analyzed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis.
  • This non-dedicated method allows for a broad-spectrum analysis of multiple metabolomic pathways within a single sample.
  • An orthogonal projection on latent structure method was also used to make comparisons among different influencing factors.

Key Findings

  • Results showed no significant difference in metabolomic profiles based on race location. However, drastic changes were observed before and after the race, pointing towards the significant metabolic impact of prolonged exercise on horses.
  • Specifically, long-distance endurance exercise resulted in noticeable changes in protein, energy, and lipid metabolisms, alongside glycoprotein content.
  • Further, metabolomic lipid content in samples taken before the race (BE) could predict racing speed, suggesting a link between lipid metabolism and performance.
  • Lactate, a metabolite linked to anaerobic metabolism and muscle fatigue, was the sole metabolite correlated with the horse’s ranking position at the end of the race in samples taken post exercise (PE).

Significance

  • This research offers insights into how endurance exercise triggers various metabolic responses in racehorses, potentially leading to metabolic disorders.
  • Such an understanding can help improve the management of racehorses’ health and maximize their performance.

Cite This Article

APA
Le Moyec L, Robert C, Triba MN, Billat VL, Mata X, Schibler L, Barrey E. (2014). Protein catabolism and high lipid metabolism associated with long-distance exercise are revealed by plasma NMR metabolomics in endurance horses. PLoS One, 9(3), e90730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090730

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Pages: e90730
PII: e90730

Researcher Affiliations

Le Moyec, Laurence
  • Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne-Inserm, Evry, France.
Robert, Céline
  • Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Triba, Mohamed N
  • Chimie Structures Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité-CNRS, Bobigny, France.
Billat, Véronique L
  • Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne-Inserm, Evry, France.
Mata, Xavier
  • Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Schibler, Laurent
  • Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Barrey, Eric
  • Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne-Inserm, Evry, France; Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Energy Metabolism
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Metabolomics
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
  • Physical Endurance / physiology
  • Proteins / metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

References

This article includes 23 references
  1. Muñoz A, Riber C, Trigo P, Castejón-Riber C, Castejón FM. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-vasopressin axis in successful and unsuccessful endurance horses.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2010 Nov;(38):83-90.
    pubmed: 21058987doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00211.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  2. Treiber KH, Hess TM, Kronfeld DS, Boston RC, Geor RJ, Friere M, Silva AM, Harris PA. Glucose dynamics during exercise: dietary energy sources affect minimal model parameters in trained Arabian geldings during endurance exercise.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006 Aug;(36):631-6.
    pubmed: 17402496doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05617.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  3. Le Moyec L, Mille-Hamard L, Triba MN, Breuneval C, Petot H, Billat VL. NMR metabolomics for assessment of exercise effects with mouse biofluids.. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012 Aug;404(2):593-602.
    pubmed: 22706325doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6165-6google scholar: lookup
  4. Pechlivanis A, Kostidis S, Saraslanidis P, Petridou A, Tsalis G, Veselkov K, Mikros E, Mougios V, Theodoridis GA. 1H NMR study on the short- and long-term impact of two training programs of sprint running on the metabolic fingerprint of human serum.. J Proteome Res 2013 Jan 4;12(1):470-80.
    pubmed: 23198909doi: 10.1021/pr300846xgoogle scholar: lookup
  5. Keller MD, Pollitt CC, Marx UC. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic study of early time point laminitis in an oligofructose-overload model.. Equine Vet J 2011 Nov;43(6):737-43.
    pubmed: 21496096doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00336.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  6. Hodavance MS, Ralston SL, Pelczer I. Beyond blood sugar: the potential of NMR-based metabonomics for type 2 human diabetes, and the horse as a possible model.. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007 Jan;387(2):533-7.
    pubmed: 17131108doi: 10.1007/s00216-006-0979-zgoogle scholar: lookup
  7. Kohl SM, Klein MS, Hochrein J, Oefner PJ, Spang R, Gronwald W. State-of-the art data normalization methods improve NMR-based metabolomic analysis.. Metabolomics 2012 Jun;8(Suppl 1):146-160.
    pmc: PMC3337420pubmed: 22593726doi: 10.1007/s11306-011-0350-zgoogle scholar: lookup
  8. Huang CC, McDermott MM, Liu K, Kuo CH, Wang SY, Tao H, Tseng YJ. Plasma metabolomic profiles predict near-term death among individuals with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease.. J Vasc Surg 2013 Oct;58(4):989-96.e1.
    pmc: PMC6689397pubmed: 23688629doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.04.022google scholar: lookup
  9. Trygg J, Wold S. Orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS). Journal of Chemometrics 16: 119–128.
  10. Nahon P, Amathieu R, Triba MN, Bouchemal N, Nault JC, Ziol M, Seror O, Dhonneur G, Trinchet JC, Beaugrand M, Le Moyec L. Identification of serum proton NMR metabolomic fingerprints associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.. Clin Cancer Res 2012 Dec 15;18(24):6714-22.
    pubmed: 23136190doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1099google scholar: lookup
  11. Schott HC 2nd, Marlin DJ, Geor RJ, Holbrook TC, Deaton CM, Vincent T, Dacre K, Schroter RC, Jose-Cunilleras E, Cornelisse CJ. Changes in selected physiological and laboratory measurements in elite horses competing in a 160 km endurance ride.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006 Aug;(36):37-42.
    pubmed: 17402389doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05510.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  12. Trigo P, Castejon F, Riber C, Muñoz A. Use of biochemical parameters to predict metabolic elimination in endurance rides.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2010 Nov;(38):142-6.
    pubmed: 21058996doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00238.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  13. Waller AP, Lindinger MI. Nutritional aspects of post exercise skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis in horses: a comparative review.. Equine Vet J 2010 Apr;42(3):274-81.
    pubmed: 20486986doi: 10.2746/042516409x479603google scholar: lookup
  14. Castejón F, Trigo P, Muñoz A, Riber C. Uric acid responses to endurance racing and relationships with performance, plasma biochemistry and metabolic alterations.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006 Aug;(36):70-3.
    pubmed: 17402395doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05516.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  15. Assenza A, Bergero D, Tarantola M, Piccione G, Caola G. Blood serum branched chain amino acids and tryptophan modifications in horses competing in long-distance rides of different length.. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2004 Apr;88(3-4):172-7.
    pubmed: 15059243doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2004.00493.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  16. Essén-Gustavsson B, Jensen-Waern M. Effect of an endurance race on muscle amino acids, pro- and macroglycogen and triglycerides.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2002 Sep;(34):209-13.
    pubmed: 12405688doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05420.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  17. Bergero D, Assenza A, Schiavone A, Piccione G, Perona G, Caola G. Amino acid concentrations in blood serum of horses performing long lasting low-intensity exercise.. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2005 Apr-Jun;89(3-6):146-50.
    pubmed: 15787986doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00556.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  18. van den Hoven R, Bauer A, Hackl S, Zickl M, Spona J, Zentek J. A preliminary study on the changes in some potential markers of muscle-cell degradation in sub-maximally exercised horses supplemented with a protein and amino acid mixture.. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011 Oct;95(5):664-75.
    pubmed: 21121963doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01097.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  19. Barrey E, Mucher E, Robert C, Amiot F, Gidrol X. Gene expression profiling in blood cells of endurance horses completing competition or disqualified due to metabolic disorder.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006 Aug;(36):43-9.
    pubmed: 17402390doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05511.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  20. Capomaccio S, Cappelli K, Barrey E, Felicetti M, Silvestrelli M, Verini-Supplizi A. Microarray analysis after strenuous exercise in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of endurance horses.. Anim Genet 2010 Dec;41 Suppl 2:166-75.
    pubmed: 21070292doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02129.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  21. Serrano MG, Evans DL, Hodgson JL. Heart rate and blood lactate responses during exercise in preparation for eventing competition.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2002 Sep;(34):135-9.
    pubmed: 12405674doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05406.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  22. Westermann CM, Dorland B, de Sain-van der Velden MG, Wijnberg ID, Van Breda E, De Graaf-Roelfsema E, Keizer HA, Van der Kolk JH. Plasma acylcarnitine and fatty acid profiles during exercise and training in Standardbreds.. Am J Vet Res 2008 Nov;69(11):1469-75.
    pubmed: 18980429doi: 10.2460/ajvr.69.11.1469google scholar: lookup
  23. Stern R, Asari AA, Sugahara KN. Hyaluronan fragments: an information-rich system.. Eur J Cell Biol 2006 Aug;85(8):699-715.
    pubmed: 16822580doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.05.009google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 14 times.
  1. Mach N, Midoux C, Leclercq S, Pennarun S, Le Moyec L, Rué O, Robert C, Sallé G, Barrey E. Mining the equine gut metagenome: poorly-characterized taxa associated with cardiovascular fitness in endurance athletes.. Commun Biol 2022 Oct 3;5(1):1032.
    doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03977-7pubmed: 36192523google scholar: lookup
  2. Park JW, Kim KH, Kim S, So JR, Cho BW, Song KD. Comparative metabolomic analysis in horses and functional analysis of branched chain (alpha) keto acid dehydrogenase complex in equine myoblasts under exercise stress.. J Anim Sci Technol 2022 Jul;64(4):800-811.
    doi: 10.5187/jast.2022.e45pubmed: 35969708google scholar: lookup
  3. Keen B, Cawley A, Reedy B, Fu S. Metabolomics in clinical and forensic toxicology, sports anti-doping and veterinary residues.. Drug Test Anal 2022 May;14(5):794-807.
    doi: 10.1002/dta.3245pubmed: 35194967google scholar: lookup
  4. Aru V, Khakimov B, Sørensen KM, Chikwati EM, Kortner TM, Midtlyng P, Krogdahl Å, Engelsen SB. The plasma metabolome of Atlantic salmon as studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy using standard operating procedures: effect of aquaculture location and growth stage.. Metabolomics 2021 May 17;17(6):50.
    doi: 10.1007/s11306-021-01797-0pubmed: 33999285google scholar: lookup
  5. Mach N, Moroldo M, Rau A, Lecardonnel J, Le Moyec L, Robert C, Barrey E. Understanding the Holobiont: Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria During Long Exercise in Horse.. Front Mol Biosci 2021;8:656204.
    doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656204pubmed: 33898524google scholar: lookup
  6. de Meeûs d'Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, Oosterlinck M, van de Winkel D, De Spiegelaere W, de Bruijn CM, Goethals K, Vanderperren K, Delesalle CJG. Flexibility of equine bioenergetics and muscle plasticity in response to different types of training: An integrative approach, questioning existing paradigms.. PLoS One 2021;16(4):e0249922.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249922pubmed: 33848308google scholar: lookup
  7. Belhaj MR, Lawler NG, Hoffman NJ. Metabolomics and Lipidomics: Expanding the Molecular Landscape of Exercise Biology.. Metabolites 2021 Mar 7;11(3).
    doi: 10.3390/metabo11030151pubmed: 33799958google scholar: lookup
  8. Halama A, Oliveira JM, Filho SA, Qasim M, Achkar IW, Johnson S, Suhre K, Vinardell T. Metabolic Predictors of Equine Performance in Endurance Racing.. Metabolites 2021 Jan 31;11(2).
    doi: 10.3390/metabo11020082pubmed: 33572513google scholar: lookup
  9. Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Musiał AD, Velie BD. The Genetics of Racing Performance in Arabian Horses.. Int J Genomics 2019;2019:9013239.
    doi: 10.1155/2019/9013239pubmed: 31565654google scholar: lookup
  10. Le Moyec L, Robert C, Triba MN, Bouchemal N, Mach N, Rivière J, Zalachas-Rebours E, Barrey E. A First Step Toward Unraveling the Energy Metabolism in Endurance Horses: Comparison of Plasma Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomic Profiles Before and After Different Endurance Race Distances.. Front Mol Biosci 2019;6:45.
    doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00045pubmed: 31245385google scholar: lookup
  11. Rempel LA, Vallet JL, Nonneman DJ. Characterization of plasma metabolites at late gestation and lactation in early parity sows on production and post-weaning reproductive performance.. J Anim Sci 2018 Mar 6;96(2):521-531.
    doi: 10.1093/jas/skx066pubmed: 29385465google scholar: lookup
  12. Mach N, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Clark A, Moroldo M, Robert C, Barrey E, López JM, Le Moyec L. Understanding the response to endurance exercise using a systems biology approach: combining blood metabolomics, transcriptomics and miRNomics in horses.. BMC Genomics 2017 Feb 17;18(1):187.
    doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-3571-3pubmed: 28212624google scholar: lookup
  13. Mach N, Plancade S, Pacholewska A, Lecardonnel J, Rivière J, Moroldo M, Vaiman A, Morgenthaler C, Beinat M, Nevot A, Robert C, Barrey E. Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiling in blood reveals candidate biomarkers associated with endurance exercise in the horse.. Sci Rep 2016 Mar 10;6:22932.
    doi: 10.1038/srep22932pubmed: 26960911google scholar: lookup
  14. Luck MM, Le Moyec L, Barrey E, Triba MN, Bouchemal N, Savarin P, Robert C. Energetics of endurance exercise in young horses determined by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics.. Front Physiol 2015;6:198.
    doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00198pubmed: 26347654google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.