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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(12); 3568; doi: 10.3390/ani11123568

Protein Source and Intake Effects on Diet Digestibility and N Excretion in Horses-A Risk of Environmental N Load of Horses.

Abstract: Six Finnhorse mares were used in a digestibility trial, in which six typical horse diets were compared. The diets were: (A) haylage 100%; (B) hay 100%; (C) hay 70% and oats 30%; (D) hay 70% and soybean meal + oats 30%; (E) hay 70%, rapeseed meal + oats 30% and (F) hay 70 %, linseed meal + oats 30%. The trial was conducted according to an unbalanced 6 × 4 Latin square design with four 3-week experimental periods. The experimental period consisted of 17-day preliminary feeding which was followed by a 4-day total faecal and urine collection periods to evaluate N excretion. The digestibilities of DM ( < 0.001) and OM ( < 0.001) in the haylage-only diet were lower compared to the other diets. The supplemental protein feeds improved the diet digestibility of CP ( = 0.002) compared to a hay + oats diet. Furthermore, the DM ( = 0.019), OM ( = 0.006), and CP ( = 0.016) digestibilities of the soya-supplemented diet were better than those of the rapeseed- and linseed-supplemented diets. Faecal excretion was greater for haylage (19.3 kg fresh faeces and 3.6 kg DM/day) and hay (18.7 kg fresh faeces and 3.6 kg DM/day) diets ( < 0.001) compared with the other diets. Urine excretion was also greater for forage-only diets compared with diets including protein supplements. Horses excreted 14.0 L urine/day on haylage-only diet ( = 0.026) and 14.3 L/day on a hay-only diet ( = 0.003). Horses excreted more nitrogen in their urine than in dung. N excretion differed between the diets. Horses on a haylage-only diet excreted 51.6 g N in faeces/day and on hay-only diet 51.4 g N/day. On the other hand, when protein content in forages increased, N excretion via urine increased (haylage vs. dried hay). Horses excreted less N in urine with hay-only diet than with haylage-only or protein-supplemented diets ( < 0.001). When N excreted in faeces and urine was counted together, horses excreted less N with a hay-only diet ( < 0.001) than with a supplemented one (oats and/or protein feeds). The results showed that feed choices affected the amount of nitrogen excreted. Feeding recommendations should consider not only the horse category and work level, but also the protein source. When good quality protein is fed, smaller N intakes can be applied to reduce the N excretion via urine and dung. At the farm level, improved understanding of feed quality, as well as feeding planning and practices, is a way to decrease the risk of N leaching and evaporation.
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Publication Date: 2021-12-15 PubMed ID: 34944342PubMed Central: PMC8697880DOI: 10.3390/ani11123568Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper investigates the effects of different sources and amounts of protein in horse feed on the digestibility of their diet and the amount of nitrogen they excrete. Researchers used six mares for the study and applied six different dietary regimes. The findings suggested that the type and amount of protein in a horse’s diet influences both the digestibility of the diet and the quantity of nitrogen that the animal excretes, with implications for environmental nitrogen pollution.

Research Methodology

The study was conducted on six Finnhorse mares following an unbalanced 6 × 4 Latin square design over four three-week experimental periods. Six different diet compositions were used:

  • Diet A: 100% haylage
  • Diet B: 100% hay
  • Diet C: 70% hay and 30% oats
  • Diet D: 70% hay and 30% soybean meal + oats
  • Diet E: 70% hay, 30% rapeseed meal + oats
  • Diet F: 70% hay, 30% linseed meal + oats

Each experimental period involved 17 days of preliminary feeding followed by four days of complete fecal and urine collection to measure nitrogen excretion.

Key Findings

The study confirmed that protein source and amount significantly affect both diet digestibility and nitrogen excretion in horses. Key findings include:

  • The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) in the haylage-only diet was lower compared to the other diets.
  • Supplemental protein feeds improved the diet digestibility of crude protein (CP) compared to a hay + oats diet.
  • Digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP in the soya-supplemented diet were greater than those of the rapeseed- and linseed-supplemented diets.
  • Faecal and urine excretion was greatest for forage-only diets compared to those including protein supplements.
  • Nitrogen excretion via both faeces and urine differed between diets, increasing with higher protein content in forages.

Implications of the Study

This research provides valuable insights into how feed choices can affect the amount of nitrogen a horse excretes, influencing the potential for nitrogen pollution. The findings suggest that feeding recommendations should consider not only the horse’s category and work level but also the protein source. Using good quality protein might allow for smaller nitrogen intakes, reducing nitrogen excretion. On a broader scale, the study highlights the importance of understanding feed quality, planning, and feeding practices at the farm level to minimize the risk of nitrogen leaching and evaporation.

Cite This Article

APA
Saastamoinen M, Särkijärvi S, Suomala H. (2021). Protein Source and Intake Effects on Diet Digestibility and N Excretion in Horses-A Risk of Environmental N Load of Horses. Animals (Basel), 11(12), 3568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123568

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 12
PII: 3568

Researcher Affiliations

Saastamoinen, Markku
  • Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
Särkijärvi, Susanna
  • Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
Suomala, Heli
  • Department of Animal Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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