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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 in the Jejunum of Healthy Ho...
Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 7; 158; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00158

Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 in the Jejunum of Healthy Horses and of Horses With Epiploic Hernia.

Abstract: Proteinase activated receptor 4 (PAR) in the gastrointestinal tract is involved in the regulation of inflammation and pain pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution and expression of PAR in the jejunum of healthy horses and in the pathologic tracts from horses undergoing surgery for herniation of the small intestine through the epiploic foramen. Eight healthy horses (Group H) and eight horses with epiploic hernia (Group EH) were included; the jejunum samples were collected at the slaughter or intraoperatively after enterectomy, respectively. To evaluate PAR expression in sections of the jejunum, immunofluorescence, western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed. Immunohistochemistry of PAR in the jejunum of the healthy horses showed that receptors are predominantly expressed in the immune cell population scattered throughout the lamina propria of the mucosa and in the submucosa. Quantitative PCR data demonstrated that PAR mRNA was detectable in all of the samples analyzed without any difference between the H and the EH groups, however the PAR protein level was significantly lower in the jejunums of the EH horses. In the Group EH horses, PAR immunoreactivity was mainly expressed in the mast cells and was extensively distributed in the sierosa. In the lamina propria of mucosa of Group EH, leukocytes were less abundant than in Group H. In this study, the distribution and expression of PAR in the jejunums of the healthy horses and in those with spontaneous occurring epiploic hernia was demonstrated.
Copyright © 2020 Lambertini, Bombardi, Zannoni, Bernardini, Dondi, Morini, Rinnovati, Spadari and Romagnoli.
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Publication Date: 2020-03-31 PubMed ID: 32296721PubMed Central: PMC7136499DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00158Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on examining the role of Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 (PAR) in the jejunum (part of the small intestine) of healthy horses and horses with epiploic hernia, with a particular focus on its relation to inflammation and pain pathways.

Overview of the Study

  • The study aimed to understand the distribution and expression of Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4) in the jejunums of both healthy horses and horses with an epiploic hernia, a specific form of intestinal herniation.
  • The research featured two groups: Group H, consisting of eight healthy horses, and Group EH, made of eight horses with an epiploic hernia.
  • Samples from the jejunum, a section of the small intestine, were collected from the horses either during slaughter (for Group H) or during surgery to rectify the herniation (for Group EH).

Research Methods

  • The researchers employed several methods to evaluate the expression of PAR4 in the jejunum samples, including immunofluorescence, western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Immunohistochemistry, a technique used to localize proteins in cells of tissue sections, was used to observe the location of the PAR4 in the jejunal tissue.

Results and Conclusions

  • The results revealed that in healthy horses, PAR4 receptors were mainly expressed in immune cells present in the lamina propria of the mucosa and in the submucosa.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) for PAR was found across all samples, with no significant variation between Group H and Group EH. This indicates that PAR4 expression at the gene level was pretty constant regardless of the health status of the horse.
  • However, there was a significant difference at the protein level. PAR4 protein was found to be significantly lower in the jejunums of the Group EH horses compared to the healthy group.
  • In terms of distribution, in Group EH horses, PAR4 was mainly found in mast cells and was distributed significantly across the serosa (the inner lining of the abdomen).
  • In comparison to Group H, Group EH jejunums had fewer leukocytes in the lamina propria of mucosa, which could possibly imply a reduction in the immune response due to the herniation.
  • The study successfully highlighted the difference in distribution and expression of PAR4 in healthy horses and those with a hernia, serving as a starting point for further investigations on the role of PAR4 in equine gastrointestinal diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Lambertini C, Bombardi C, Zannoni A, Bernardini C, Dondi F, Morini M, Rinnovati R, Spadari A, Romagnoli N. (2020). Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 in the Jejunum of Healthy Horses and of Horses With Epiploic Hernia. Front Vet Sci, 7, 158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00158

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 158
PII: 158

Researcher Affiliations

Lambertini, Carlotta
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.
Bombardi, Cristiano
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.
Zannoni, Augusta
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.
Bernardini, Chiara
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.
Dondi, Francesco
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.
Morini, Maria
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.
Rinnovati, Riccardo
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.
Spadari, Alessandro
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.
Romagnoli, Noemi
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.

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