Analyze Diet

Pulmonary cryptococcosis with an endobronchial cryptococcoma in a Warmblood mare.

Abstract: This report describes pulmonary cryptococcosis with a large endobronchial cryptococcoma in an 8-year-old Warmblood mare. The mare was presented initially with fever and lethargy, and clinical signs typical of bacterial pneumonia. Markedly elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations indicated a severe systemic inflammatory response. Over a period of 6 wk, the condition progressively worsened and was refractory to multiple courses of broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy as administered in a field setting. Diagnostic imaging following referral revealed extensive consolidation of the left lung and multiple nodular lesions. Endoscopy identified a large granulomatous mass nearly completely occluding the left mainstem bronchus. Histopathologic examination of biopsy samples from the mass and lung parenchyma revealed a severe pyogranulomatous inflammation composed of numerous encapsulated, budding yeast organisms (8.5 to 12.5 μm in diameter with a 2- to 3-μm thick capsule) morphologically pathognomonic for spp. Due to extensive, irreversible lung damage and poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Key clinical message: This case serves as a reminder to include fungal pathogens such as in the differential diagnosis of severe and non-responsive pneumonia in horses. Cryptococcose pulmonaire avec cryptococcome endobronchique chez une jument WarmbloodCe rapport décrit un cas de cryptococcose pulmonaire avec un volumineux cryptococcome endobronchique chez une jument Warmblood de 8 ans. La jument présentait initialement de la fièvre et une léthargie, ainsi que des signes cliniques typiques d’une pneumonie bactérienne. Une concentration sérique d’amyloïde A (SAA) très élevée indiquait une réaction inflammatoire systémique sévère. Sur une période de 6 semaines, son état s’est progressivement aggravé et s’est avéré réfractaire à plusieurs traitements d’antibiotiques à large spectre administrées sur le terrain. L’imagerie diagnostique réalisée après son transfert a révélé une importante consolidation du poumon gauche et de multiples lésions nodulaires. L’endoscopie a mis en évidence une volumineuse masse granulomateuse obstruant presque complètement la bronche principale gauche. L’examen histopathologique des biopsies de la masse et du parenchyme pulmonaire a révélé une inflammation pyogranulomateuse sévère, composée de nombreuses levures bourgeonnantes encapsulées (de 8,5 à 12,5 μm de diamètre, avec une capsule de 2 à 3 μm d’épaisseur), morphologiquement pathognomoniques de spp. Compte tenu des lésions pulmonaires étendues et irréversibles et du mauvais pronostic, l’euthanasie a été pratiquée.Message clinique clé :Ce cas rappelle l’importance d’inclure les agents pathogènes fongiques tels que dans le diagnostic différentiel des pneumonies sévères et réfractaires au traitement chez le cheval.(Traduit par D Serge Messier).
Publication Date: 2026-09-01 PubMed ID: 42699316PubMed Central: PMC13544533
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
  • Case Reports
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study reports a case of a lung fungal infection, pulmonary cryptococcosis, in an 8-year-old Warmblood mare featuring a large fungal mass obstructing a main airway.
  • The mare showed symptoms similar to bacterial pneumonia but did not respond to antibiotics, leading to a diagnosis of fungal infection and eventual euthanasia due to poor prognosis.

Background and Clinical Presentation

  • The horse was initially presented with common symptoms of respiratory illness including fever and lethargy.
  • Based on these signs, the initial suspicion was bacterial pneumonia.
  • Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels were markedly elevated, signaling a severe systemic inflammatory response.
  • Despite multiple broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments administered over 6 weeks, the horse’s condition worsened, showing treatment resistance.

Diagnostic Workup

  • After referral to a specialized clinic, diagnostic imaging was performed.
  • The imaging revealed extensive consolidation (areas of solidification indicating tissue damage) in the left lung and multiple nodular lesions suggestive of an abnormal pathology.
  • Endoscopic examination identified a large granulomatous mass that almost completely blocked the left mainstem bronchus (a primary airway in the lung).
  • Biopsy samples were taken from both the bronchial mass and lung tissue for detailed microscopic examination.

Histopathological Findings

  • The biopsies showed severe pyogranulomatous inflammation—a type of chronic inflammation featuring pus and granuloma formation.
  • This inflammation included numerous encapsulated, budding yeast organisms measuring 8.5 to 12.5 μm in diameter with a 2 to 3 μm thick capsule.
  • The morphological features of these yeast cells were pathognomonic for Cryptococcus species, confirming the fungal nature of the infection.

Treatment Outcome and Prognosis

  • The horse suffered from extensive and irreversible lung damage due to the severity and progression of the infection.
  • Given the poor prognosis and lack of effective treatment options at that stage, euthanasia was elected to prevent further suffering.

Key Clinical Message and Implications

  • This case underscores the importance of considering fungal pathogens like Cryptococcus spp. as potential causes of severe pneumonia in horses, especially when the disease does not respond to standard antibacterial therapy.
  • Veterinarians should include fungal infections in differential diagnoses for severe, non-responsive respiratory diseases in horses to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
  • Early identification of fungal infections may improve clinical outcomes by guiding timely antifungal therapy rather than continued ineffective antibiotic use.

Cite This Article

APA
Lee EB, Chun YW, Seo JP. (2026). Pulmonary cryptococcosis with an endobronchial cryptococcoma in a Warmblood mare. Can Vet J, 67(9), 970-975.

Publication

ISSN: 0008-5286
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 67
Issue: 9
Pages: 970-975

Researcher Affiliations

Lee, Eun-Bee
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju-City, Jejudo 63243, Republic of Korea (Lee, Seo); J&C Equine Animal Medical Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (Chun).
Chun, Yong-Woo
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju-City, Jejudo 63243, Republic of Korea (Lee, Seo); J&C Equine Animal Medical Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (Chun).
Seo, Jong-Pil
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju-City, Jejudo 63243, Republic of Korea (Lee, Seo); J&C Equine Animal Medical Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (Chun).

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Cryptococcosis / veterinary
  • Cryptococcosis / pathology
  • Cryptococcosis / diagnosis
  • Cryptococcosis / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Lung Diseases, Fungal / veterinary
  • Lung Diseases, Fungal / pathology
  • Lung Diseases, Fungal / diagnosis
  • Lung Diseases, Fungal / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Diagnosis, Differential

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.