Radiographic and Morphological Prevalence of Dorsopalmar Hoof Distortions in in Brazilian High-Performance Racehorses.

Overview

• This study evaluated the shape and X-ray characteristics of racehorse hooves to identify the prevalence of certain hoof distortions linked to injury risks.
• It compared photographic and radiographic methods for assessing hoof conformation in Brazilian high-performance racehorses.

Introduction and Importance

• Racehorses are a significant part of the equine industry, but injuries remain a major concern.
• Hoof conformation is recognized as a key factor contributing to the likelihood of injury.
• Dorsopalmar hoof distortions relate to imbalances in the hoof from front (dorsal) to back (palmar) that can affect performance and soundness.

Research Objective

• To morphologically (shape and structure) and radiographically (X-ray based) evaluate the forelimb digits (front hooves) of racehorses at the São Paulo Jockey Club.
• To determine how common dorsopalmar hoof distortions are among these horses.
• To compare photographic (morphological) and radiographic methods for assessing the hoof-pastern axis, a key alignment indicator of hoof health and balance.

Methods

• Sample: 59 thoroughbred racehorses, aged 3 to 4 years, representing young, high-performance animals.
• Imaging Techniques:
  • Standardized photographic imaging to assess external hoof shape and conformation.
  • Radiographic imaging (X-rays) using three different approaches to evaluate internal hoof structures and angles.

Key Findings

• Broken-backward hoof-pastern axis (a misalignment indicating dorsopalmar imbalance) was observed in 100% of horses when using any of the three radiographic methods.
• Photographic analysis only identified this abnormal axis in 55.2% of the cases, showing less sensitivity compared to radiography.
• Other hoof distortions detected at high rates via radiographs included:
  • Low heel angles (85%) – indicating heels are flattened or compromised.
  • Underrun heels (97%) – where the heel is essentially “rolled under,” leading to poor weight distribution.
  • Low palmar angles (87%) – representing decreased angle at the back of the hoof, affecting biomechanical function.
  • Negative palmar angles (56%) – a severe form of palmar angle abnormality associated with lameness risk.

Conclusions and Implications

• The very high prevalence of these dorsopalmar imbalances and hoof distortions is concerning for the health and performance of these racehorses.
• Photographic methods alone are insufficient to accurately detect these problems; radiographic evaluation provides more reliable diagnostic information.
• The findings emphasize the urgent need to improve hoof trimming and shoeing practices to correct these distortions and prevent injuries.
• Addressing these hoof conformation issues is important not only for the welfare of the animals but also for the sustainability and success of the racing industry.