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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Radiol Ultrasound / Radiographic characterization of the maxillary septum and se...
Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association2024; doi: 10.1111/vru.13399

Radiographic characterization of the maxillary septum and septal bullae in horses: An ex vivo study.

Abstract: The anatomical variations of the maxillary septum and the septal bullae can generate challenges during the interpretation of radiographs of the horses' heads and make it difficult to accurately identify the sites affected in sinus disorders. The description of the radiographic appearance of these structures is currently scarce in the scientific literature. This work aims to describe the anatomical and radiographic characteristics of the maxillary septum and maxillary septal bullae in horses. Six chemically preserved equine cadaver heads were used which, after being submitted to the maxillary osseous flap, the maxillary septum and its respective bullae were identified. Radiographic examinations before and after contrast impregnation on these structures were performed. The positioning of the maxillary septum varied between the anatomical specimens and between the sides of the same specimen. The 30° oblique dorsoventral lateral and lateral projections allowed the identification of the maxillary septum and septal bullae. However, the bullae remained superimposed on the dental arches in the dorsoventral projections with the mandible in a neutral position or with the mandible displaced. The oblique offset radiographic positioning was suggested and proved effective for the examination of the maxillary septal bullae, where the mandible was displaced to the side of the bullae to be examined, and the radiographic beam inclined in the same direction. The maxillary septum and its bullae could be properly identified in a macroscopic way after the osseous flap and the contrasted radiographic examination allowed its adequate interpretation. Variations in size and position are considered normal for the equine species.
© 2024 American College of Veterinary Radiology.
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Publication Date: 2024-06-30 PubMed ID: 38946246DOI: 10.1111/vru.13399Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the challenges encountered during interpretations of horse head radiographs due to anatomical variances, and highlights approaches for effective identification and understanding of the maxillary septum and septal bullae.

Objective of the Study

  • The study sets out to provide detailed information related to the anatomical and radiographic aspects of the maxillary septum and maxillary septal bullae in horses, areas not extensively covered in existing literature. The researchers sought to elucidate the challenges in radiographic interpretation caused by variations in the structure and positioning of these elements.

Methodology

  • The research employed six chemically preserved equine cadaver heads. After subjecting these to a maxillary osseous flap, investigators undertook identification of the maxillary septum and the accompanying bullae.
  • There were two rounds of radiographic examinations: before and after contrast impregnation.

Findings

  • The study found that the positioning of the maxillary septum differed not only among different anatomical specimens, but also between the different sides of an individual specimen.
  • The 30° oblique dorsoventral lateral and simple lateral projections enabled identification of the maxillary septum and septal bullae.
  • The researchers discovered issues with the overlap of the bullae and dental arches when using dorsoventral projections with the mandible either in a neutral position or displaced.
  • Oblique offset radiographic positioning emerged as a practical method for examining maxillary septal bullae. This technique involved displacing the mandible toward the side of the intended bullae and aligning the radiographic beam in the same direction.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that the maxillary septum and its bullae could be properly identified macroscopically after performing the osseous flap and the contrasted radiographic examination.
  • Furthermore, the research declared variations in the size and position of these elements as a normal occurrence in the equine species, hence the challenges in interpreting radiographs.

Cite This Article

APA
Lima AE, Piñeros DDV, Alibrando BB, Bittar MJ, de Souza AF, Mendes RP, de Freitas SH, Bernardino T, Corrêa RR. (2024). Radiographic characterization of the maxillary septum and septal bullae in horses: An ex vivo study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13399

Publication

Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association
ISSN: 1740-8261
NlmUniqueID: 9209635
Country: England
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Lima, Aymara Eduarda de
  • Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Piñeros, Diego Darley Velasquez
  • Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Alibrando, Bruno Braghetta
  • Médico Veterinário Autônomo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Bittar, Mauricio José
  • Médico Veterinário Autônomo, São Paulo, Brazil.
de Souza, Anderson Fernando
  • Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mendes, Rubens Peres
  • Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
de Freitas, Silvio Henrique
  • Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga-SP, Brazil.
Bernardino, Thiago
  • Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Única, Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Centro Universitário Padre Anchieta, Jundiaí, Brazil.
Corrêa, Rodrigo Romero
  • Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Grant Funding

  • 001 / Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel-Brazil (CAPES)
  • 131116/2020-7 / National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq

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This article includes 15 references
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