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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Parasitol / Recent advances in leishmaniosis in pet animals: epidemiolog...
Veterinary parasitology2011; 181(1); 23-30; doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.019

Recent advances in leishmaniosis in pet animals: epidemiology, diagnostics and anti-vectorial prophylaxis.

Abstract: The leishmanioses are diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, parasites infecting numerous mammal species, including humans, and transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. They are a large group of diseases ranging over inter-tropical zones of America and Africa, and extend into temperate regions of Latin America, Europe and Asia. Pet animals are found infected with different Leishmania species but Leishmania infantum is the most widespread being dogs the main reservoir of zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (ZVL). Dogs are very susceptible to this parasite and may suffer from a complex syndrome, canine leishmaniosis (CanL), one of the major zoonoses globally causing severe fatal disease in this animal. Infections in cats and horses have also been reported in areas where CanL is diagnosed. In Europe dogs and cats are common companion animals and their health is of great concern, therefore management of leishmaniosis in pets generally follows that of human ZVL. The recent spread of Leishmania infections in non-endemic territories has been monitored by means of canine surveys, which represent a suitable approach because of the dog's role as a sentinel host. New tools have been developed for the surveillance and control of ZVL. A number of insecticide-based preparations have been specifically registered for dog protection against sand fly bites, with elevated efficacy for both individual and mass protection.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2011-04-19 PubMed ID: 21570192DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.019Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study focuses on the recent advancements in the understanding of leishmaniosis in pet animals. The research gives emphasis on its epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and ways to prevent the spread of disease through vectors.

Overview of Leishmaniosis

  • Leishmaniosis is primarily caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. The disease is spread through the bites of phlebotomine sand flies and can infect a wide range of mammal species.
  • The range of the disease extends from the inter-tropical zones of America and Africa to the temperate regions of Latin America, Europe, and Asia.
  • Apart from humans, pets including dogs, cats, and horses can also become infected with different species of Leishmania. However, Leishmania infantum is the most common infecting species in pets, particularly in dogs.
  • Dogs are highly susceptible to infection by L. infantum, causing them to suffer from canine leishmaniosis (CanL), a complex syndrome and one of the most severe zoonotic diseases globally. Fatal outcomes are common in infected animals.

Recent Advances in Leishmaniosis

  • Leishmaniosis has recently spread to territories not previously considered endemic. This spread has been monitored through canine surveys, as dogs are seen as sentinel hosts due to their high susceptibility.
  • Leishmaniosis management strategies for pets reuse much of those methods applied previously for human visceral leishmaniosis (ZVL). This is because dogs and cats are common companions in Europe and their health conditions directly affect human health.
  • With advancements in medicine, new tools have been developed to help monitor and control the spread of ZVL. These tools have made surveillance much more efficient.
  • Insecticide-based products, designed specifically to protect dogs against sand fly bites, have had great efficacy in both individual and mass protection. This proactive approach has been crucial in reducing the spread of the disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Gramiccia M. (2011). Recent advances in leishmaniosis in pet animals: epidemiology, diagnostics and anti-vectorial prophylaxis. Vet Parasitol, 181(1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.019

Publication

Veterinary parasitology
ISSN: 1873-2550
NlmUniqueID: 7602745
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 181
Issue: 1
Pages: 23-30

Researcher Affiliations

Gramiccia, M
  • Vector-borne Diseases and International Health, MIPI Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. marina.gramiccia@iss.it

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cat Diseases / diagnosis
  • Cat Diseases / parasitology
  • Cat Diseases / prevention & control
  • Cats
  • Dog Diseases / diagnosis
  • Dog Diseases / parasitology
  • Dog Diseases / prevention & control
  • Dogs
  • Global Health
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Leishmaniasis / diagnosis
  • Leishmaniasis / prevention & control
  • Leishmaniasis / veterinary
  • Pets / parasitology
  • Zoonoses / parasitology

Citations

This article has been cited 35 times.
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