Recent developments in equine dentistry.

Equine dentistry is significantly developing, with advancements in various areas such as physiological and anatomical research, equipment development, use of standing sedation and anesthesia techniques, and transitions towards minimally invasive surgical techniques. The growth in this sector enables early identification and treatment of dental diseases in horses, thus promoting proactive maintenance and care.

Anatomical and Physiological Research

• This research has resulted in a deeper understanding of the endodontic system of incisors and cheek teeth in horses. Specifically, these studies have shed light on how these systems evolve as the horse ages.
• Investigations into the periodontium have revealed a robust vascular supply and repair capacity, adding valuable knowledge to equine dental care.

Advancements in Equipment and Instrumentation

• The evolution of dental tools has had a significant impact on equine dentistry. Devices have become more efficient, battery-operated, and miniaturized, which is beneficial for both standard and advanced dental procedures.
• The development of patient-side digital radiography systems, high-definition oroscopy, and small-diameter flexible fibrescopes has improved diagnostic capabilities. These tools allow for the visualization inside a pulp canal, enhancing the detection and treatment of dental issues.
• Dental units that combine endodontic high- and low-speed drills, suction, and air or water flush are also becoming increasingly adapted for use in equines, improving the efficiency of dental procedures.

Use of Standing Sedation and Anesthesia Protocols

• Through the implementation of sedative combinations and standing anesthesia protocols, traditional and novel dental techniques can be performed with minimal or no requirement for general anesthesia. This approach lessens the risks associated with general anesthesia and makes dental procedures safer for horses.

Shift Towards Minimally Invasive Techniques

• One key advancement in equine dentistry is the transition towards minimally invasive surgical procedures. This approach reduces trauma and improves recovery times, thus promoting the welfare of the horse.
• The introduction of restorative and endodontic techniques from human and canine dentistry also helps in providing better dental solutions for equines.

Prophylactic Approach

• To ensure continued advancement in equine dentistry, a systemic shift towards a proactive, preventative approach is required. Modelling human dentistry, this involves prioritizing regular oral examinations to allow for the early identification and treatment of dental disease.
• This shift necessitates a change in public and industry attitudes towards equine dental care, championing early intervention based on diagnostic findings and not just visible clinical signs.