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Regional differences in wound oxygenation during normal healing in an equine model of cutaneous fibroproliferative disorder.
Abstract: Wound repair in horse limbs is often complicated by the development of exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) and excessive scarring while body wounds tend to repair uneventfully. EGT resembles the human keloid. While the events leading to keloid formation are not fully elucidated, tissue hypoxia has been proposed as a major contributing factor. The objective of this study was to investigate tissue oxygen saturation in healing full-thickness wounds created on the horse limb and body, using near-infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic reflectance data were collected from both anatomic sites at specific times following wounding. The oxygen saturation values of limb wounds were significantly inferior to those of body wounds during the early period of healing, indicating a temporary, relative state of hypoxia in the former during the inflammatory phase of repair. Horses present a weak, persistent inflammatory response to wounding, especially at the limb level. The relative hypoxia present acutely in limb wounds of horses may promote a feeble yet prolonged inflammatory response, which could interfere with and retard the subsequent phases of healing. Ongoing low-grade inflammation in horse wounds is accompanied by up-regulation of various inflammatory and profibrotic mediators, which might ultimately promote the development of fibroproliferative disorders such as EGT.
© 2010 by the Wound Healing Society.
Publication Date: 2010-10-18 PubMed ID: 20955347DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2010.00639.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates the role of oxygen levels in the healing of wounds in horses, as wounds on horse limbs often develop excessive tissue growth and scarring compared to wounds on the body. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, the researchers found that oxygen saturation in wounds on horse limbs was significantly lower in the early stages of healing, a condition known as hypoxia, which could contribute to an ongoing inflammation response and delay healing.
About the Research
- This study was carried out to explore regional differences in wound oxygenation during healing in horses. The focus was on the healing of full-thickness wounds on both horse limbs and bodies.
- The researchers noted that wound repair on horse limbs often presents complications. They frequently lead to the development of exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) and high amounts of scarring, whereas body wounds usually heal without issues. The occurrence of EGT in horses is comparable to the formation of keloids in humans.
Methodology
- The team used near-infrared spectroscopy to examine tissue oxygen saturation in the healing wounds. They collected spectroscopic reflectance data from both anatomical sites at specific stages of healing.
- The researchers were particularly concerned with the events associated with keloid formation, suggesting that tissue hypoxia, or low levels of oxygen, could be a significant factor in this process.
Findings
- The research found that the oxygen saturation levels in limb wounds were significantly lower than body wounds during the early healing phase. This introduced a state of relative hypoxia in limb wounds during the inflammatory phase of the repair process.
- These results suggest that the relative hypoxia present in horse limb wounds encourages a weak yet persistent inflammatory response, potentially delaying subsequent healing stages.
Implications
- Continuous low-grade inflammation in horse wounds was found to be accompanied by the increased activity of pro-inflammatory and profibrotic mediators.
- The researchers suggest that these elements might promote the development of fibroproliferative disorders such as EGT.
- This research highlights the importance of oxygenation during the wound healing process and the potential implications of hypoxia in the development of complications.
Cite This Article
APA
Celeste CJ, Deschene K, Riley CB, Theoret CL.
(2010).
Regional differences in wound oxygenation during normal healing in an equine model of cutaneous fibroproliferative disorder.
Wound Repair Regen, 19(1), 89-97.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-475X.2010.00639.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Comparative Tissue Healing Laboratory, Département de Biomédecine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada. christophe.celeste@umontreal.ca
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cell Hypoxia / physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hemoglobins / metabolism
- Horses
- Keloid / etiology
- Keloid / metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption / physiology
- Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
- Time Factors
- Wound Healing / physiology
- Wounds, Penetrating / metabolism
- Wounds, Penetrating / pathology
- Wounds, Penetrating / physiopathology
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Partusch L, Rutland CS, Martens A, Du Cheyne C, De Spiegelaere W, Michler JK. Collagen composition in equine exuberant granulation tissue reflects tissue immaturity. PLoS One 2025;20(11):e0335179.
- Albahrawy M, Abouelnasr K, Mosbah E, Zaghloul A, Abass M. Acellular bovine pericardium as a biological dressing for treatment of cutaneous wounds of the distal limb in donkeys (Equus Asinus). Vet Res Commun 2023 Jun;47(2):587-597.
- Mund SJK, MacPhee DJ, Campbell J, Honaramooz A, Wobeser B, Barber SM. Macroscopic, Histologic, and Immunomodulatory Response of Limb Wounds Following Intravenous Allogeneic Cord Blood-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Horses. Cells 2021 Nov 1;10(11).
- Jørgensen E, Bjarnsholt T, Jacobsen S. Biofilm and Equine Limb Wounds. Animals (Basel) 2021 Sep 27;11(10).
- Mund SJK, Kawamura E, Awang-Junaidi AH, Campbell J, Wobeser B, MacPhee DJ, Honaramooz A, Barber S. Homing and Engraftment of Intravenously Administered Equine Cord Blood-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Surgically Created Cutaneous Wound in Horses: A Pilot Project. Cells 2020 May 8;9(5).
- Zhang XR, Huang YZ, Gao HW, Jiang YL, Hu JG, Pi JK, Chen AJ, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Xie HQ. Hypoxic preconditioning of human urine-derived stem cell-laden small intestinal submucosa enhances wound healing potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020 Apr 6;11(1):150.
- Winter RL, Tian Y, Caldwell FJ, Seeto WJ, Koehler JW, Pascoe DA, Fan S, Gaillard P, Lipke EA, Wooldridge AA. Cell engraftment, vascularization, and inflammation after treatment of equine distal limb wounds with endothelial colony forming cells encapsulated within hydrogel microspheres. BMC Vet Res 2020 Feb 4;16(1):43.
- Lei R, Li J, Liu F, Li W, Zhang S, Wang Y, Chu X, Xu J. HIF-1α promotes the keloid development through the activation of TGF-β/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. Cell Cycle 2019 Dec;18(23):3239-3250.
- Jørgensen E, Bay L, Skovgaard LT, Bjarnsholt T, Jacobsen S. An Equine Wound Model to Study Effects of Bacterial Aggregates on Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019 Oct 1;8(10):487-498.
- Patil PS, Evancho-Chapman MM, Li H, Huang H, George RL, Shriver LP, Leipzig ND. Fluorinated methacrylamide chitosan hydrogel dressings enhance healing in an acute porcine wound model. PLoS One 2018;13(9):e0203371.
- Wise LM, Bodaan CJ, Stuart GS, Real NC, Lateef Z, Mercer AA, Riley CB, Theoret CL. Treatment of limb wounds of horses with orf virus IL-10 and VEGF-E accelerates resolution of exuberant granulation tissue, but does not prevent its development. PLoS One 2018;13(5):e0197223.
- Mingyuan X, Qianqian P, Shengquan X, Chenyi Y, Rui L, Yichen S, Jinghong X. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activates transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling and increases collagen deposition in dermal fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018 Jan 9;9(3):3188-3197.
- Textor JA, Clark KC, Walker NJ, Aristizobal FA, Kol A, LeJeune SS, Bledsoe A, Davidyan A, Gray SN, Bohannon-Worsley LK, Woolard KD, Borjesson DL. Allogeneic Stem Cells Alter Gene Expression and Improve Healing of Distal Limb Wounds in Horses. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018 Jan;7(1):98-108.
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