Relationship of horse owner assessed respiratory signs index to characteristics of recurrent airway obstruction in two Warmblood families.
Abstract: The horse owner assessed respiratory signs index (HOARSI-1-4, healthy, mildly, moderately and severely affected, respectively) is based on owner-reported clinical history and has been used for the investigation of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) genetics utilising large sample sizes. Reliable phenotype identification is of paramount importance in genetic studies. Owner reports of respiratory signs have shown good repeatability, but the agreement of HOARSI with an in-depth examination of the lower respiratory tract has not been investigated. Objective: To determine the correlation of HOARSI grades 3/4 with the characteristics of RAO and of HOARSI-2 with the characteristics of inflammatory airway disease. Further, to test whether there are phenotypic differences in the manifestation of lung disease between families. Methods: Seventy-one direct offspring of 2 RAO-affected Warmblood stallions (33 from the first family, 38 from the second) were graded as HOARSI-1-4 and underwent a clinical examination of the respiratory system, arterial blood gas analysis, endoscopic mucus scoring, cytology of tracheobronchial secretion (TBS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and clinical assessment of airway reactivity to methacholine chloride. Results: HOARSI-3/4 animals in clinical exacerbation showed signs consistent with RAO: coughing, nasal discharge, abnormal lung sounds and breathing pattern as well as increased numbers of neutrophils in TBS and BALF, excessive mucus accumulation and airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine. HOARSI-3/4 horses in remission only had increased amounts of tracheal mucus and TBS neutrophil percentages. Clinical phenotypes were not significantly different between the 2 families. Conclusions: HOARSI reliably identifies RAO-affected horses in our population.
Publication Date: 2010-02-17 PubMed ID: 20156250DOI: 10.2746/042516409X479586Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Signs
- Cytology
- Diagnosis
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Genetics
- Horse Owners
- Horses
- Inflammation
- Lung Health
- Phenotype
- Recurrent Airway Obstruction
- Respiratory Disease
- Respiratory Health
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Warmblood Horses
Summary
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The research evaluates the relationship between Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI) and the characteristics of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in two warmblood horse families. The study determines the correlation of particular HOARSI grades with RAO and inflammatory airway diseases, and checks for any phenotypic differences in lung disease manifestation between the two families.
Objective of the Study
- Researchers aimed to check the correlation of HOARSI grades 3 and 4 with the symptoms of RAO, and HOARSI-2 with the signs of inflammatory airway disease.
- They also intended to investigate whether there were any significant differences in lung disease manifestation between the two warmblood horse families studied.
Methodology
- 71 direct offspring of 2 RAO-affected Warmblood stallions were examined for this study, 33 from the first family, and 38 from the second.
- All horses were graded as per the HOARSI scale from 1 to 4 depending on their health conditions.
- They underwent a clinical examination of their respiratory system, arterial blood gas analysis, endoscopic mucus scoring, and cytology of tracheobronchial secretion (TBS).
- They were also subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination and clinical assessment of their airway reactivity to methacholine chloride.
Results
- Horses with HOARSI-3/4 grades in clinical exacerbation showed signs consistent with RAO. These signs were coughing, nasal discharge, abnormal lung sounds and breathing pattern, heightened numbers of neutrophils in TBS and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, excess mucus accumulation, and hyper-reactivity to methacholine hormones.
- Horses with HOARSI-3/4 grades in remission only showed increased quantities of tracheal mucus and higher percentages of TBS neutrophils.
- There were no significant differences in clinical phenotypes between the two families.
Conclusion
- The researchers concluded that HOARSI is a reliable instrument for identifying RAO-affected horses in the studied population.
Cite This Article
APA
Laumen E, Doherr MG, Gerber V.
(2010).
Relationship of horse owner assessed respiratory signs index to characteristics of recurrent airway obstruction in two Warmblood families.
Equine Vet J, 42(2), 142-148.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516409X479586 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Clinic, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Switzerland.
MeSH Terms
- Airway Obstruction / diagnosis
- Airway Obstruction / genetics
- Airway Obstruction / veterinary
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / chemistry
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / genetics
- Horses
- Male
- Methacholine Chloride
- Observer Variation
Citations
This article has been cited 17 times.- Sage SE, Nicholson P, Peters LM, Leeb T, Jagannathan V, Gerber V. Single-cell gene expression analysis of cryopreserved equine bronchoalveolar cells.. Front Immunol 2022;13:929922.
- Klier J, Fuchs S, Winter G, Gehlen H. Inhalative Nanoparticulate CpG Immunotherapy in Severe Equine Asthma: An Innovative Therapeutic Concept and Potential Animal Model for Human Asthma Treatment.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Aug 16;12(16).
- Herteman N, Mosing M, Waldmann AD, Gerber V, Schoster A. Exercise-induced airflow changes in horses with asthma measured by electrical impedance tomography.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Sep;35(5):2500-2510.
- Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D, Bullone M, Gerber V, Ivester K, Lavoie JP, Martin J, Moran G, Niedźwiedź A, Pusterla N, Swiderski C. Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:450.
- Kaiser-Thom S, Hilty M, Gerber V. Effects of hypersensitivity disorders and environmental factors on the equine intestinal microbiota.. Vet Q 2020 Dec;40(1):97-107.
- White SJ, Moore-Colyer M, Marti E, Hannant D, Gerber V, Coüetil L, Richard EA, Alcocer M. Antigen array for serological diagnosis and novel allergen identification in severe equine asthma.. Sci Rep 2019 Oct 23;9(1):15170.
- Klier J, Bartl C, Geuder S, Geh KJ, Reese S, Goehring LS, Winter G, Gehlen H. Immunomodulatory asthma therapy in the equine animal model: A dose-response study and evaluation of a long-term effect.. Immun Inflamm Dis 2019 Sep;7(3):130-149.
- Gy C, Leclere M, Vargas A, Grimes C, Lavoie JP. Investigation of blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of mild to moderate asthma in horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Jul;33(4):1789-1795.
- Verdon M, Lanz S, Rhyner C, Gerber V, Marti E. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in sera of horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity, severe equine asthma or both conditions.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Jan;33(1):266-274.
- Bond S, Léguillette R, Richard EA, Couetil L, Lavoie JP, Martin JG, Pirie RS. Equine asthma: Integrative biologic relevance of a recently proposed nomenclature.. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Nov;32(6):2088-2098.
- Mason VC, Schaefer RJ, McCue ME, Leeb T, Gerber V. eQTL discovery and their association with severe equine asthma in European Warmblood horses.. BMC Genomics 2018 Aug 2;19(1):581.
- Pacholewska A, Kraft MF, Gerber V, Jagannathan V. Differential Expression of Serum MicroRNAs Supports CD4⁺ T Cell Differentiation into Th2/Th17 Cells in Severe Equine Asthma.. Genes (Basel) 2017 Dec 12;8(12).
- Lanz S, Brunner A, Graubner C, Marti E, Gerber V. Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses is Associated with Airway Hyperreactivity.. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Nov;31(6):1877-1883.
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- Pacholewska A, Jagannathan V, Drögemüller M, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Lanz S, Hamza E, Dermitzakis ET, Marti E, Leeb T, Gerber V. Impaired Cell Cycle Regulation in a Natural Equine Model of Asthma.. PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0136103.
- Bosshard S, Gerber V. Evaluation of coughing and nasal discharge as early indicators for an increased risk to develop equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).. J Vet Intern Med 2014 Mar-Apr;28(2):618-23.
- Racine J, Gerber V, Feutz MM, Riley CP, Adamec J, Swinburne JE, Couetil LL. Comparison of genomic and proteomic data in recurrent airway obstruction affected horses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis®.. BMC Vet Res 2011 Aug 15;7:48.
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