Resistance training-induced increases in muscle mass and performance in ponies.

The study investigates whether an eight-week resistance exercise training program can increase strength and muscle characteristics in horses, demonstrating significant gains in both peak and total weight carried, as well as increases in muscle size and characteristics, consistent with muscle growth.

Objective of the Study

• The research aimed at investigating if an eight-week progressive resistance exercise training would result in an increase in strength and changes in foreleg muscle characteristics indicating hypertrophy in ponies.

Methodology

• Two mature male ponies, between 3 to 6 years of age, participated in the study. They were trained to carry sheets of lead over their saddle region while walking on a level treadmill.
• After initial training, the ponies underwent eight weeks of resistance training, which involved performing progressive sets of weight carrying till fatigue, three days a week.
• Each workout began with a two-minute walk, followed by sets of weight carrying. The ponies carried approximately 44.5 kg for the first set, with subsequent increases of about 22.3 kg per set until fatigue.
• Weights were applied and then removed between sets for resting periods of 60 to 90 seconds with a hoist and sling apparatus.
• Measurements of the forelimb girth, body weight, and total weight carried were recorded at every workout session. Ultrasound measurements and muscle biopsies were conducted before and after the eight-week training period.

Findings

• The study found significant increases in peak weight carried (260%) and total weight carried (1525%) during each workout after the eight-week resistance training.
• Forelimb girth showed an increase of 12% with a corresponding 19% increase in muscle cross-sectional diameter, indicating muscle growth.
• There were no significant changes in the area of Type I muscle fibers, but there was a noticeable, but not statistically significant, increase of 26% in Type II muscle fiber area (IIA + IIB).
• These findings suggest that eight weeks of progressive resistance training can increase strength and cause changes in muscle size and characteristics, which are consistent with hypertrophy.