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Responses of horses vaccinated with avirulent modified-live equine arteritis virus propagated in the E. Derm (NBL-6) cell line to nasal inoculation with virulent virus.
Abstract: Nineteen horses with no prior experience with equine arteritis virus (EAV) were inoculated IM with an avirulent live-virus vaccine against equine viral arteritis; the vaccinal virus had been passaged serially 131 times in primary cell cultures of equine kidney, 111 times in primary cell cultures of rabbit kidney, and 16 times in an equine dermis cell line (EAV HK-131/RK-111/ED-16). Three or 4 of the vaccinated horses each, along with appropriate nonvaccinated controls, were inoculated nasally with virulent EAV at each of months 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 after they were vaccinated. The following was concluded: Vaccination did not induce clinical signs of disease in any horse and, thus, seemed safe for use in the field. All vaccinated horses (n = 19) developed serum-neutralizing antibodies to EAV. Fourteen of the vaccinated horses were completely protected from clinical arteritis when exposed to large doses of virulent EAV. Four were partially protected, and one had little or no protection. Six of 13 nonvaccinated horses died of acute arteritis, and the remaining 7 horses experienced severe signs of disease, but survived the infection. All horses (n = 32), whether vaccinated or not, became infected when inoculated nasally with virulent EAV. Virus was recovered from 17 of the 19 vaccinated horses, and all 19 had a secondary humoral immune response. The duration and severity of thermal reaction and persistence of virus were more transitory in vaccinated horses than in the nonvaccinated controls. Protection afforded by this vaccine can persist for at least 24 months, the maximal time after horses were vaccinated that immunity was challenged in the present study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1986-09-01 PubMed ID: 3021027 The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research study investigates the effectiveness of a vaccine to protect horses against the equine arteritis virus (EAV). The study shows that vaccinated horses either gained full or partial protection against EAV, whereas unvaccinated horses either died of acute arteritis or suffered severe symptoms but survived the infection.
Objective and Methodology
- The main aim of the research was to evaluate the response of horses to a modified-live EAV vaccine that was grown in an equine dermis cell line. This was achieved by vaccinating nineteen horses that had no prior exposure to EAV.
- The vaccine used was a live, but not harmful (avirulent) EAV that had been passed through different cell cultures a number of times.
- The effectiveness of the vaccine was then tested over 24 months. The vaccinated horses, along with non-vaccinated controls, were exposed to a harmful strain of EAV through nasal inoculation at multiple intervals after vaccination.
Findings
- The study showed that none of the vaccinated horses showed any signs of disease after vaccination, suggesting that the vaccine was safe to use.
- All the vaccinated horses developed antibodies against EAV, indicating a successful immune response.
- Out of the vaccinated horses, fourteen were completely protected and four were partially protected against an EAV infection, while one horse showed little to no protection. In contrast, six out of thirteen non-vaccinated horses died from acute arteritis, a severe inflammatory disease.
- Despite the vaccination, all horses including the vaccinated ones became infected when exposed to a harmful EAV strain.
- The vaccinated horses demonstrated lesser duration and intensity of thermal reactions (fever) and persistence of the virus compared to non-vaccinated horses.
Conclusion
- The research suggests that the vaccine tested can offer lasting protection against EAV for at least 24 months, which was the maximum time the horses were observed in this study.
Cite This Article
APA
McCollum WH.
(1986).
Responses of horses vaccinated with avirulent modified-live equine arteritis virus propagated in the E. Derm (NBL-6) cell line to nasal inoculation with virulent virus.
Am J Vet Res, 47(9), 1931-1934.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Equartevirus / immunology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Male
- RNA Viruses / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
- Virus Diseases / immunology
- Virus Diseases / prevention & control
- Virus Diseases / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Maloney SM, Shaw TM, Nennig KM, Larsen MS, Shah A, Kumar A, Marcotrigiano J, Grove J, Snijder EJ, Kirchdoerfer RN, Bailey AL. CD81 is a receptor for equine arteritis virus (family: Arteriviridae). mBio 2025 Jul 9;16(7):e0062325.
- Balasuriya UB, Go YY, MacLachlan NJ. Equine arteritis virus. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):93-122.
- Go YY, Snijder EJ, Timoney PJ, Balasuriya UB. Characterization of equine humoral antibody response to the nonstructural proteins of equine arteritis virus. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2011 Feb;18(2):268-79.
- Go YY, Wong SJ, Branscum AJ, Demarest VL, Shuck KM, Vickers ML, Zhang J, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, Balasuriya UB. Development of a fluorescent-microsphere immunoassay for detection of antibodies specific to equine arteritis virus and comparison with the virus neutralization test. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2008 Jan;15(1):76-87.
- Glaser AL, Chirnside ED, Horzinek MC, de Vries AA. Equine arteritis virus. Theriogenology 1997 Apr 15;47(6):1275-95.
- Castillo-Olivares J, Wieringa R, Bakonyi T, de Vries AA, Davis-Poynter NJ, Rottier PJ. Generation of a candidate live marker vaccine for equine arteritis virus by deletion of the major virus neutralization domain. J Virol 2003 Aug;77(15):8470-80.
- Balasuriya UB, Heidner HW, Hedges JF, Williams JC, Davis NL, Johnston RE, MacLachlan NJ. Expression of the two major envelope proteins of equine arteritis virus as a heterodimer is necessary for induction of neutralizing antibodies in mice immunized with recombinant Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles. J Virol 2000 Nov;74(22):10623-30.
- Bittle JL, Muir S. Vaccines produced by conventional means to control major infectious diseases of man and animals. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 1989;33:1-63.
- Chirnside ED. Equine arteritis virus: an overview. Br Vet J 1992 May-Jun;148(3):181-97.
- Plagemann PG, Moennig V. Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus: a new group of positive-strand RNA viruses. Adv Virus Res 1992;41:99-192.
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