Retinal and optic nerve diseases.
Abstract: A variety of disease processes can affect the retina and/or the optic nerve, including vascular or ischemic disease, inflammatory or infectious disease, and degenerative disease. These disease processes may selectively damage certain parts of the retina or optic nerve, and the specific areas that are damaged may have implications for the design of potential therapeutic visual prosthetic devices. Outer retinal diseases include age-related macular degeneration, pathologic myopia, and retinitis pigmentosa. Although the retinal photoreceptors may be lost, the inner retina is relatively well-preserved in these diseases and may be a target for retinal prosthetic devices. Inner retinal diseases include retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal venous occlusive disease, and retinopathy of prematurity. Other retinal diseases such as ocular infections (retinitis, endophthalmitis) may affect all retinal layers. Because the inner retinal cells, including the retinal ganglion cells, may be destroyed in these diseases (inner retinal or whole retinal), prosthetic devices that stimulate the inner retina may not be effective. Common optic nerve diseases include glaucoma, optic neuritis, and ischemic optic neuropathy. Because the ganglion cell nerve fibers themselves are damaged, visual prosthetics for these diseases will need to target more distal portions of the visual pathway, such as the visual cortex. Clearly, a sound understanding of retinal and optic nerve disease pathophysiology is critical for designing and choosing the optimal visual prosthetic device.
Publication Date: 2003-11-18 PubMed ID: 14616515DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07304.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article focuses on equine eye diseases affecting the retina and optic nerve. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the normal appearance and variations of the horse’s eye to recognise any abnormalities in the retina, optic nerve, and other parts. The study covers both congenital and acquired eye diseases in horses.
Understanding Equine Eye Anatomy
- The main objective of this research is to equip equine specialists with the necessary knowledge and skills to examine the equine fundus – a section of the horse’s eye that includes the retina, choroid, optic nerve, and vitreous humor. These parts play a crucial role in the animal’s visual ability, and any disorder or abnormality can lead to significant vision problems.
- Understanding the normal appearance and variations of the equine fundus is considered crucial. Knowing what is normal will help practitioners identify any deviations or changes that might signify a problem.
Evaluating Eye Abnormalities
- Once a practitioner is familiar with the normal variations in equine eye anatomy, they can then assess any abnormalities that could arise in the retina, choroid, optic nerve, and vitreous humor. Any difference in the normal appearance of these sections of the eye might indicate eye disorders or diseases.
- The research provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of abnormalities that can occur, guides on how to detect them, and the potential diseases they could signify.
Types of Equine Eye Diseases
- The study further elaborates on the different diseases of the equine eye, which are classified as either congenital or acquired. Congenital diseases are those that the animal is born with, while acquired diseases are those that the animal gets throughout its life due to various causes such as injuries, infections, or age-related changes.
- The researchers offer detailed discussions and illustrations to help practitioners diagnose these diseases. By understanding these types of diseases, equine ophthalmologists can provide more effective treatments and care for their equine patients.
Cite This Article
APA
Margalit E, Sadda SR.
(2003).
Retinal and optic nerve diseases.
Artif Organs, 27(11), 963-974.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07304.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Diabetic Retinopathy / therapy
- Geniculate Bodies / physiology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Optic Nerve / physiology
- Optic Nerve Diseases / physiopathology
- Optic Nerve Diseases / therapy
- Optic Neuritis / therapy
- Pigment Epithelium of Eye / cytology
- Prostheses and Implants
- Retinal Diseases / physiopathology
- Retinal Diseases / therapy
- Retinitis Pigmentosa / therapy
- Retinopathy of Prematurity / therapy
- Vision, Ocular / physiology
References
This article includes 69 references
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