Retrospective Investigation in Horses with Encephalitis Reveals Unnoticed Circulation of West Nile Virus in Brazil.
Abstract: During these past years, several studies have provided serological evidence regarding the circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in Brazil. Despite some reports, much is still unknown regarding the genomic diversity and transmission dynamics of this virus in the country. Recently, genomic monitoring activities in horses revealed the circulation of WNV in several Brazilian regions. These findings on the paucity of genomic data reinforce the need for prompt investigation of WNV infection in horses, which may precede human cases of encephalitis in Brazil. Thus, in this study, we retrospectively screened 54 suspicious WNV samples collected between 2017 and 2020 from the spinal cord and brain of horses with encephalitis and generated three new WNV genomes from the Ceará and Bahia states, located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The Bayesian reconstruction revealed that at least two independent introduction events occurred in Brazil. The first introduction event appears to be likely related to the North American outbreak, and was estimated to have occurred in March 2013.The second introduction event appears to have occurred in September 2017 and appears to be likely related to the South American outbreak. Together, our results reinforce the importance of increasing the priority of WNV genomic monitoring in equines with encephalitis in order to track the dispersion of this emerging pathogen through the country.
Publication Date: 2022-07-14 PubMed ID: 35891521PubMed Central: PMC9316658DOI: 10.3390/v14071540Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
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Summary
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This research article focuses on the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) in horses in Brazil, which hadn’t been significantly studied previously. The study examined samples taken from horses with encephalitis to gain a better understanding of the virus’s circulation in the country.
Introduction
- The research paper begins by discussing evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in Brazil. However, not much is known about its genomic diversity or how the virus is transmitted throughout the country.
- Recognition of the WNV presence in horses from various Brazilian regions has sparked interest in further investigation. This is due to the potential for WNV infection in horses to precede similar infection in human populations.
Methods
- Researchers conducted a retrospective screening of 54 suspicious WNV samples. These were collected between 2017 and 2020 from the spinal cord and brain of horses suffering from encephalitis.
- The samples were taken from horses in the Ceará and Bahia states, situated in Brazil’s northeastern region.
- From these samples, the team generated three new WNV genomes.
Findings
- The research team found that there were at least two distinct introduction events for WNV in Brazil.
- The Bayesian reconstruction of the virus’s genetic history aided in this determination.
- The first introduction event relates to the North American outbreak and is estimated to have occurred in March 2013.
- There seems to be a second introduction event in September 2017 that likely relates to the South American outbreak.
Conclusions
- The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of paying closer attention to WNV genomic monitoring in horses with encephalitis.
- This would help track the pathogen’s dispersal throughout the country, contributing to better prevention and control strategies for the disease among horse and potentially human populations.
Cite This Article
APA
Fritsch H, Pereira FM, Costa EA, Fonseca V, Tosta S, Xavier J, Levy F, Oliveira C, Menezes G, Lima J, Santos L, Silva L, Nardy V, Astete MKG, Santos BSÁDS, Aguiar NR, Guedes MIMC, Faria GC, Furtini R, Drumond SRM, Cunha GM, Souza MSPL, Jesus R, Guimarães SAF, Nuno IC, Santana ICB, Sá JEU, Santos GR, Silva WS, Guedes TF, Araújo ELL, Said RFDC, Albuquerque CFC, Peterka CRL, Romano APM, Cunha RVD, Filippis AMB, Leal E Silva de Mello A, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ.
(2022).
Retrospective Investigation in Horses with Encephalitis Reveals Unnoticed Circulation of West Nile Virus in Brazil.
Viruses, 14(7), 1540.
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071540 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde/Organização Mundial de Saúde, Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte 30110-005, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte 30110-005, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte 30110-005, Brazil.
- Secretary of Health of the State of Bahia (SESAB), Salvador 40301-110, Brazil.
- Secretary of Health of the State of Bahia (SESAB), Salvador 40301-110, Brazil.
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde-Brazil, Brasília 70719-040, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde-Brazil, Brasília 70719-040, Brazil.
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde-Brazil, Brasília 70719-040, Brazil.
- Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde/Organização Mundial de Saúde, Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil.
- Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde/Organização Mundial de Saúde, Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil.
- Coordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil.
- Coordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil.
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University of Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Bayes Theorem
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Humans
- Retrospective Studies
- West Nile Fever / epidemiology
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile virus / genetics
Grant Funding
- U01 AI151698 / NIAID NIH HHS
- AI151698 / NIH HHS
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Chalhoub FLL, Horta MAP, Alcantara LCJ, Morales A, Dos Santos LMB, Guerra-Campos V, Rodrigues CDS, Santos CC, Mares-Guia MAM, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, de Filippis AMB. Serological Evidence of Exposure to Saint Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Horses of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.. Viruses 2022 Nov 6;14(11).
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