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Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]2020; 52(1); 461-466; doi: 10.1007/s42770-020-00398-8

Retrospective serological survey for influenza in horses from Brazil.

Abstract: Equine influenza (EI) virus is one of the most economically important pathogens of respiratory diseases of horses worldwide. Despite availability of vaccines for control of EI, the highly contagious nature and variability properties of the virus mean global outbreaks occur. Thus, continuous surveillance programs, including seroprevalence studies of disease in different countries, may contribute to better control of the disease. In this study, the seroprevalence of equine influenza in 850 horses from Brazil was investigated. The serodiagnosis was based on the single radial hemolysis (SRH) assay using influenza A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 (H3N8) antigen. Antibodies against A/equine/Richmond/1/07 (H3N8) were detected in 44.7% (380/850, 95% CI: 41.4-48.1%) of horses. Seroprevalence was significantly lower (p = 0.001) in younger animals (< 5 years, 38.6%) than in "adult" animals (5-14 years, 52.1%). There was also a significant relationship between the year of sampling and seroprevalence (p < 0.0005). The mean SRH antibody value was 42.0 mm (range 4-238.9 mm), with the majority of horses (95.3%) having an SRH value ≤ 150 mm, which is considered an insufficient level for protection of equine hosts against influenza infections and potential virus shedding. These findings indicate the need to reinforce preventive/control measures against equine influenza in Brazil.
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Publication Date: 2020-11-11 PubMed ID: 33175343PubMed Central: PMC7656090DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00398-8Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper explores the prevalence of equine influenza virus in horses from Brazil by conducting a serological survey. Serodiagnosis revealed that nearly half of the surveyed horses have antibodies against the equine influenza virus, with the percentage significantly lower in young horses. The average level of antibodies discovered, however, is considered insufficient in protecting horses against this disease, emphasizing the need to reinforce preventive measures and control in Brazil.

Understanding Equine Inflence in Brazil

  • The research focuses on analyzing the prevalence of an economically important respiratory disease-triggering pathogen in horses worldwide, known as the equine influenza (EI) virus. Despite existing vaccines, the highly transmissible virus continues to cause global outbreaks due to its adaptive nature.
  • In order to better control and manage this disease in different regions, the researchers conducted a seroprevalence study, investigating the presence of antibodies against the virus in horses from Brazil.
  • The study used a single radial hemolysis (SRH) assay to carry out serodiagnosis in 850 horses, making use of the influenza A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 (H3N8) antigen.

Findings and Implications

  • The researchers, found that 44.7% of the horses had antibodies against the H3N8 equine influenza virus. This tells us that almost half of the Brazilian horse population in the study had been exposed to the virus.
  • When examining the seroprevalence in relation to the age of the animals, the study found that younger horses were significantly less likely to carry antibodies against the pathogen than adult animals. This could suggest that exposure to the virus increases with age or that younger animals may have weaker immune responses.
  • The study also established a strong correlated with the year of sampling and seroprevalence, which could indicate changes in the spread or vaccination efforts related to the virus over time.
  • Additionally, the average antibody level detected in horses was deemed insufficient to protect them from the influenza infections and potentiate virus shedding. This entails that even in horses where antibodies were present, their concentration was not enough to safeguard them from the disease.
  • Overall, these results highlight the urgent need to strengthen preventative measures and disease control efforts specific to equine influenza within Brazil’s horse population.

Cite This Article

APA
Daly JM, Megid J, Langoni H, de Nardi Júnior G, Ribeiro MG. (2020). Retrospective serological survey for influenza in horses from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol, 52(1), 461-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00398-8

Publication

Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
ISSN: 1678-4405
NlmUniqueID: 101095924
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 461-466

Researcher Affiliations

Daly, J M
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Megid, J
  • Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil.
Langoni, H
  • Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil.
de Nardi Júnior, G
  • Technology Faculty-FATEC, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Ribeiro, M G
  • Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil. marcio.ribeiro@unesp.br.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Brazil
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses / immunology
  • Horses / virology
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
  • Male
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Virus Shedding

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Olufemi OT, Edeh ER, Isyaku MS, Haliru M, Samaila S, Mshelia PW, Owolodun OA, Newton JR, Daly JM. Seroprevalence of Equine Influenza and Its Associated Risk Factors in Northwest Nigeria. Pathogens 2022 Nov 17;11(11).
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  2. Gonzalez-Obando J, Jaimes-Dueñez J, Zuluaga-Cabrera A, Forero JE, Diaz A, Rojas-Arbeláez C, Ruiz-Saenz J. Seroprevalence of Equine Influenza Virus Antibodies in Horses from Four Localities in Colombia. Viruses 2025 Jul 16;17(7).
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  3. Wasik BR, Rothschild E, Voorhees IEH, Reedy SE, Murcia PR, Pusterla N, Chambers TM, Goodman LB, Holmes EC, Kile JC, Parrish CR. Understanding the divergent evolution and epidemiology of H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs and horses. Virus Evol 2023;9(2):vead052.
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