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PloS one2013; 8(12); e83504; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083504

RNA sequencing of the exercise transcriptome in equine athletes.

Abstract: The horse is an optimal model organism for studying the genomic response to exercise-induced stress, due to its natural aptitude for athletic performance and the relative homogeneity of its genetic and environmental backgrounds. Here, we applied RNA-sequencing analysis through the use of SOLiD technology in an experimental framework centered on exercise-induced stress during endurance races in equine athletes. We monitored the transcriptional landscape by comparing gene expression levels between animals at rest and after competition. Overall, we observed a shift from coding to non-coding regions, suggesting that the stress response involves the differential expression of not annotated regions. Notably, we observed significant post-race increases of reads that correspond to repeats, especially the intergenic and intronic L1 and L2 transposable elements. We also observed increased expression of the antisense strands compared to the sense strands in intronic and regulatory regions (1 kb up- and downstream) of the genes, suggesting that antisense transcription could be one of the main mechanisms for transposon regulation in the horse under stress conditions. We identified a large number of transcripts corresponding to intergenic and intronic regions putatively associated with new transcriptional elements. Gene expression and pathway analysis allowed us to identify several biological processes and molecular functions that may be involved with exercise-induced stress. Ontology clustering reflected mechanisms that are already known to be stress activated (e.g., chemokine-type cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and kinases), as well as "nucleic acid binding" and "signal transduction activity" functions. There was also a general and transient decrease in the global rates of protein synthesis, which would be expected after strenuous global stress. In sum, our network analysis points toward the involvement of specific gene clusters in equine exercise-induced stress, including those involved in inflammation, cell signaling, and immune interactions.
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Publication Date: 2013-12-31 PubMed ID: 24391776PubMed Central: PMC3877044DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083504Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focused on understanding the genomic response to exercise-induced stress in horses, an exemplary model organism for such studies, by using advanced technologies like RNA sequencing. The researchers compared gene expression levels in horses at rest and after competition, revealing a shift from coding to non-coding region expressions and specific gene clusters associated with stress response.

Methodology

  • The researchers employed the use of RNA-sequencing analysis leveraging SOLiD technology within an experimental setup based on exercise-induced stress.
  • The transcriptional landscape was monitored by comparing the levels of gene expression between horses at rest and after participation in endurance races.

Key Findings

  • The researchers observed a transition from coding to non-coding regions in response to stress, indicating the exercise-induced stress response involves differential expression of not annotated regions.
  • Significant increases in reads that align with repeats were detected, especially the intergenic and intronic L1 and L2 transposable elements, following a race.
  • There was an upsurge in the transcription of the antisense strands compared to the sense strands in intronic and regulatory regions of the genes, suggesting antisense transcription could be an essential mechanism for transposon regulation when a horse is under stress.
  • A substantial number of transcripts corresponding to intergenic and intronic regions associated potentially with new transcriptional elements were found.

Gene Expression and Pathway Analysis

  • Investigation into gene expression and pathway analysis enabled the researchers to pinpoint several possible biological processes and molecular functions connected with exercise-induced stress.
  • The clustering of ontology mirrored mechanisms already recognized as stress activated, such as chemokine-type cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and kinases, and also showed “nucleic acid binding” and “signal transduction activity” functions.
  • A transient and general reduction in the global rates of protein synthesis was noticed, which aligns with expectations post intense global stress.

Conclusion

  • The findings of the network analysis examine the involvement of certain gene clusters in exercise-induced stress in horses, notably those associated with inflammation, cell signaling, and immune interactions.

Cite This Article

APA
Capomaccio S, Vitulo N, Verini-Supplizi A, Barcaccia G, Albiero A, D'Angelo M, Campagna D, Valle G, Felicetti M, Silvestrelli M, Cappelli K. (2013). RNA sequencing of the exercise transcriptome in equine athletes. PLoS One, 8(12), e83504. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083504

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 12
Pages: e83504
PII: e83504

Researcher Affiliations

Capomaccio, Stefano
  • Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinic - Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Vitulo, Nicola
  • CRIBI, University of Padua, Complesso Vallisneri, Padova, Italy.
Verini-Supplizi, Andrea
  • Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinic - Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Barcaccia, Gianni
  • Laboratory of Genetic and Genomics, DAFNAE - University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy.
Albiero, Alessandro
  • CRIBI, University of Padua, Complesso Vallisneri, Padova, Italy.
D'Angelo, Michela
  • CRIBI, University of Padua, Complesso Vallisneri, Padova, Italy.
Campagna, Davide
  • CRIBI, University of Padua, Complesso Vallisneri, Padova, Italy.
Valle, Giorgio
  • CRIBI, University of Padua, Complesso Vallisneri, Padova, Italy.
Felicetti, Michela
  • Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinic - Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Silvestrelli, Maurizio
  • Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinic - Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Cappelli, Katia
  • Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinic - Sport Horse Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Gene Expression
  • Gene Regulatory Networks
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / physiology
  • Multigene Family
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal
  • Physical Exertion / genetics
  • RNA Splice Sites
  • Sequence Analysis, RNA
  • Stress, Physiological / genetics
  • Transcriptome

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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