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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Virol / Role of the host immune response in selection of equine infe...
Journal of virology1987; 61(12); 3783-3789; doi: 10.1128/JVI.61.12.3783-3789.1987

Role of the host immune response in selection of equine infectious anemia virus variants.

Abstract: Equine infectious anemia virus was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes collected during two early febrile cycles of an experimentally infected horse. RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses indicated that the nucleotide sequences of the isolates differed by approximately 0.25% and that the differences appeared randomly distributed throughout the genome. Serum collected in the interval between virus isolations was able to distinguish the isolates by membrane immunofluorescence on live cells. However, no neutralizing antibody was detected in the interval between virus isolations. In fact, multiple clinical cycles occurred before the development of a neutralizing antibody response, indicating that viral neutralization might not be the mechanism for selection of antigenic variants. The ability of early immune sera to recognize variant specific antigens on the surface of infected cells suggested that immune selection occurs through recognition and elimination of certain virus-infected cells. Alternately, the random distribution of the genomic differences observed between the two isolates may indicate that equine infectious anemia virus variants emerge as a result of nonimmunological selection processes.
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Publication Date: 1987-12-01 PubMed ID: 2446008PubMed Central: PMC255993DOI: 10.1128/JVI.61.12.3783-3789.1987Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper explores the role of the host’s immune response in the selection of variants of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV). The study reveals that immune system responses possibly contribute to recognizing and eliminating certain versions of the virus, although neutralizing antibodies do not appear to play a significant part in this process.

Methodology and Investigation

  • The researchers isolated EIAV from a horse’s peripheral blood leukocytes, white blood cells that play an essential role in the immune system, during two early feverish cycles following experimental infection.
  • They then analysed the isolates using RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis. This technique allows researchers to determine the nucleotide sequence, which can be thought of as the DNA’s “blueprint.”
  • The research discovered that the isolates’ nucleotide sequences were approximately 0.25% different, indicating natural variation between the samples. Moreover, these differences appeared to be randomly distributed throughout the genetic material.

Findings and Implications

  • The research identified that serum, the component that makes up the majority of blood plasma, collected between the virus isolations could differentiate the isolates by live-cell membrane immunofluorescence. This process enables researchers to detect specific proteins in cells using fluorescent dyes.
  • Interestingly, no neutralizing antibody was found between the virus isolations. Neutralizing antibodies disable pathogens, rendering them harmless to the body. Multiple clinical cycles also occurred before the development of a neutralizing antibody response. This suggests that neutralization might not be the main mechanism for selecting antigenic variants.
  • The early immune serum’s ability to recognize variant-specific antigens on the surface of infected cells suggested that immune selection occurs through recognizing and eliminating specific virus-infected cells. This highlights the critical role the immune system might play in managing such infections.
  • Alternatively, the researchers also suggested that non-immunological selection processes might give rise to EIAV variants, given the observation of the random distribution of genomic differences between the two isolates.

Conclusion

  • The paper concludes that the host immune response seemingly plays a part in the selection of EIAV genetic variants, particularly through recognizing and eliminating certain virus-infected cells. However, it isn’t the neutralizing antibodies that facilitate this process, contrary to what might be expected.
  • Still, the non-immunological selection processes might also play an equally significant role, given the genomic differences’ random distribution. This potentially opens new lines of enquiry into understanding how variants of viruses like EIAV emerge and adapt.

Cite This Article

APA
Carpenter S, Evans LH, Sevoian M, Chesebro B. (1987). Role of the host immune response in selection of equine infectious anemia virus variants. J Virol, 61(12), 3783-3789. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.61.12.3783-3789.1987

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 61
Issue: 12
Pages: 3783-3789

Researcher Affiliations

Carpenter, S
  • Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana 59840.
Evans, L H
    Sevoian, M
      Chesebro, B

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
        • Antigenic Variation
        • Antigens, Viral / immunology
        • Base Sequence
        • Cross Reactions
        • Epitopes / immunology
        • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
        • Equine Infectious Anemia / microbiology
        • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
        • Genes, Viral
        • Horses
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
        • Nucleotide Mapping

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        Citations

        This article has been cited 31 times.
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