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EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2023; 21(3); e07875; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7875

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel leaf oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Abstract: Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the leaves of L. (laurel leaf oil), when used as a sensory additive for all animal species. The additive contains up to 4% methyleugenol. The use of the additive at 2 mg/kg complete feed in dogs and cats was considered of low concern. For other long-living and reproductive animals, the use of the additive at 10 mg/kg was considered of concern. For short-living animals, the Panel had no safety concern when the additive is used at 10 mg/kg complete feed for turkeys for fattening, piglets and other growing Suidae, pigs for fattening, veal calves (milk replacer), cattle for fattening and other growing ruminants, horses and rabbits for meat production, salmonids and other fin fish; and at 8.5 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, other growing poultry and other minor species for fattening. The use of laurel leaf oil up to the highest level in feed which was considered of no concern for target animals was also expected to be of no concern for consumers. The additive should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract. Due to the high concentration of methyleugenol (≥ 1%), the additive was classified by the applicant as suspected of causing genetic defects and of causing cancer and should be handled accordingly. The use of the additive under the proposed conditions of use was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since the leaves of and their preparations were recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be the same, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
© 2023 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
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Publication Date: 2023-03-09 PubMed ID: 36908566PubMed Central: PMC9996239DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7875Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper examines the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the leaves of Laurel (Laurus nobilis L), as a feed additive for various animal species. The use of the additive was considered low concern for dogs and cats, but raised concerns in long-living and reproductive animals. For short-living animals, no safety concerns were noted under certain conditions. The additive poses no risk to the environment or consumers, but could be a skin and eye irritant and available data suggests it may cause genetic defects and cancer.

Safety Evaluation of the Feed Additive

  • The research was carried out by the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), following a request from the European Commission.
  • The feed additive evaluated was an essential oil from Laurel leaves (Laurus nobilis), which contains up to 4% methyleugenol.
  • The additive was tested on a variety of animal species to assess its effects. Concerns were raised when the additive was used at 10 mg/kg in long-living and reproductive animals.
  • For dogs and cats, the additive was considered of little concern when used at 2 mg/kg.

Concerns for Short-Living Animals and Consumers

  • No safety concerns were identified for short-living animals like turkeys, piglets, veal calves, cattle, horses, rabbits and various fish when the additive was used at 10mg/kg. However, for chickens and other poultry, the safe limit was slightly lower at 8.5mg/kg.
  • The additive was deemed of no concern for consumers when used up to the highest level in feed.

Health Risks and Environmental Impact

  • The additive was noted to be an irritant to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract.
  • Due to the presence of methyleugenol (≥ 1%), the feed additive was viewed as potentially causing genetic defects and cancer, meaning it should be handled with caution.
  • The study found no expected risk to the environment when the additive was used under the proposed conditions.

Effectiveness of the Additive

  • The leaves of the Laurel tree are known to flavor food. As their function as an additive in feed would be the same, no additional proof of efficacy was deemed necessary.

Cite This Article

APA
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Schlatter J, Schrenk D, Westendorf J, Manini P, Pizzo F, Dusemund B. (2023). Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel leaf oil) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J, 21(3), e07875. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7875

Publication

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
NlmUniqueID: 101642076
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Pages: e07875
PII: e07875

Researcher Affiliations

Bampidis, Vasileios
    Azimonti, Giovanna
      Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
        Christensen, Henrik
          Durjava, Mojca
            Kouba, Maryline
              López-Alonso, Marta
                López Puente, Secundino
                  Marcon, Francesca
                    Mayo, Baltasar
                      Pechová, Alena
                        Petkova, Mariana
                          Ramos, Fernando
                            Sanz, Yolanda
                              Villa, Roberto Edoardo
                                Woutersen, Ruud
                                  Brantom, Paul
                                    Chesson, Andrew
                                      Schlatter, Josef
                                        Schrenk, Dieter
                                          Westendorf, Johannes
                                            Manini, Paola
                                              Pizzo, Fabiola
                                                Dusemund, Birgit

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                                                  12. Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Schlatter J, Westendorf J, Dirven Y, Manini P, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the flowers of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry (clove tincture) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J 2024 May;22(5):e8791.
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