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EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2020; 18(6); e06146; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6146

Safety and efficacy of turmeric extract, turmeric oil, turmeric oleoresin and turmeric tincture from Curcuma longa L. rhizome when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species.

Abstract: Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of turmeric extract, turmeric oil, turmeric oleoresin and turmeric tincture from L. rhizome when used as sensory additives in feed and in water for drinking for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the additives under consideration are safe at the maximum proposed use levels: (i) turmeric extract at 15 mg/kg complete feed (or in water for drinking at comparable exposure) for all animal species; (ii) turmeric essential oil at 80 mg/kg feed for veal calves (milk replacer) and 20 mg/kg complete feed (or 20 mg/L) for all other species; (iii) turmeric oleoresin at 30 mg/kg complete feed (or 30 mg/L) for chickens for fattening and laying hens and 5 mg/kg complete feed (or 5 mg/L) for pigs, veal calves, cattle for fattening and dairy cows, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits and fish; (iv) turmeric tincture at 0.8 mL/L water for drinking for poultry, 6 mL per head and day for horses and 0.05 mL tincture/kg complete feed for dogs. No concerns for consumers were identified following the use of the additives at the proposed use level in animal nutrition. Turmeric extract, turmeric oil, turmeric oleoresin and turmeric tincture should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract and as skin sensitisers. The use of the additives in feed is not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since turmeric and its preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary.
© 2020 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-12 PubMed ID: 32874324PubMed Central: PMC7448085DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6146Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper mainly discusses the safety and effectiveness of various forms of turmeric (including extract, oil, oleoresin, and tincture) derived from Curcuma longa L. rhizome when used as sensory additives in feed and drinking water for different animal species. The study was carried out by the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) following a request from the European Commission.

Summary of Key Findings

According to the analysis by FEEDAP Panel, these turmeric-based additives were found to be safe when used within specified limits for different animals, and there were no identified risks for consumers of products derived from animals consuming these additives. The additives were, however, noted as potential irritants to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. No significant environmental risks were identified.

  • The maximum safe use level for turmeric extract was established at 15 mg/kg complete feed (or an equivalent level in drinking water) for all animal species.
  • For turmeric essential oil, the highest safe use level was 80 mg/kg feed for veal calves and 20 mg/kg full feed (or 20 mg/L) for all other species.
  • With turmeric oleoresin, safe use levels were marked at 30 mg/kg complete feed (or 30 mg/L) for fattening chickens and laying hens, and 5 mg/kg full feed (or 5 mg/L) for other animals like pigs, veal calves, cattle for fattening and dairy cows, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, and fish.
  • For turmeric tincture, the deemed levels were 0.8 mL/L water for poultry, 6 mL per head and day for horses, and 0.05 mL tincture/kg full feed for dogs.

Safety Concerns and Implications

None of these turmeric derivatives posed any concerns for consumers. These findings allow for the safe inclusion of turmeric additives in animal nutrition at the proposed use level. However, these additives can be a skin irritant and a sensitizer, and can also cause eye irritation and affect the respiratory tract. Therefore, necessary precautions should be taken while handling these additives.

Environmental Impact and Efficacy

The study concluded that the use of these additives in animal feed is not expected to cause any environmental harm. As for the efficacy, turmeric and its preparations are recognised to flavour food, and their function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, rendering it unnecessary for a further demonstration of efficacy.

Cite This Article

APA
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Kos Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Westendorf J, Gregoretti L, Manini P, Dusemund B. (2020). Safety and efficacy of turmeric extract, turmeric oil, turmeric oleoresin and turmeric tincture from Curcuma longa L. rhizome when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species. EFSA J, 18(6), e06146. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6146

Publication

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
NlmUniqueID: 101642076
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 18
Issue: 6
Pages: e06146
PII: e06146

Researcher Affiliations

Bampidis, Vasileios
    Azimonti, Giovanna
      Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
        Christensen, Henrik
          Kos Durjava, Mojca
            Kouba, Maryline
              López-Alonso, Marta
                López Puente, Secundino
                  Marcon, Francesca
                    Mayo, Baltasar
                      Pechová, Alena
                        Petkova, Mariana
                          Ramos, Fernando
                            Sanz, Yolanda
                              Villa, Roberto Edoardo
                                Woutersen, Ruud
                                  Brantom, Paul
                                    Chesson, Andrew
                                      Westendorf, Johannes
                                        Gregoretti, Lucilla
                                          Manini, Paola
                                            Dusemund, Birgit

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