FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
BMC veterinary research2017; 13(1); 210; doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1133-1

Searching for ivermectin resistance in a Strongylidae population of horses stabled in Poland.

Abstract: There are no available studies describing the possible resistance of strongyles to ivermectin in horses in Poland. One hundred seventy three horses from nine stud farms from South-Western Poland were studied. The effectiveness of ivermectin was studied on the 14th day after ivermectin administration using the fecal egg count reduction test, and a long-term observation of the egg reappearance period was carried out. The fecal study was carried out using a modified McMaster method, which typically detects 20 eggs per gram of stool. The results were subjected to statistical analysis that enabled quantification of the eggs in the stool samples. Results: The study revealed high efficacy of ivermectin on the 14th day after administration without a shortening of the egg reappearance period. Conclusions: The results indicate that strongyles resistance to ivermectin in Poland is not a serious problem.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2017-07-03 PubMed ID: 28673347PubMed Central: PMC5496315DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1133-1Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research performed explores the effectiveness of the drug ivermectin in treating horses for strongyles, a type of parasitic worm, in Poland. The findings suggest that ivermectin still shows high efficacy, suggesting no serious resistance issue with strongyles.

Objective and Methodology

The primary goal of the research was to investigate potential resistance of strongyles, a common parasite in horses, to the anthelmintic drug, ivermectin, in Poland. This resistance hadn’t been adequately studied before in the local context. These parasites can cause severe health issues in horses, making the effectiveness of medication crucial.

  • The study involved 173 horses from 9 stud farms in South-Western Poland. These horses served as the sample for the study.
  • After administering ivermectin, the researchers observed its effectiveness on the 14th day using a fecal egg count reduction test. This test is a standard method to evaluate deworming efficiency.
  • They also conducted a long-term study to see the egg reappearance period in the horses’ stool.
  • The detection and count of parasite eggs in the horses’ stool were done using a modified McMaster method. This method typically identifies 20 eggs per gram of stool, providing a quantitative measurement of parasite load.

Results and Conclusion

The results of the study showed positive findings in the fight against parasitic worms in horses. The researchers found no significant problem regarding the resistance of strongyles to ivermectin.

  • Ivermectin proved to be highly effective on the 14th day after administration.
  • The study did not indicate any shortening of the egg reappearance period, thus showing that the drug had a lasting effect on the horses.
  • Therefore, based on their findings, the researchers concluded that there is no significant opposition to ivermectin in the strongyles population in Poland.

Cite This Article

APA
Zak A, Siwinska N, Slowikowska M, Borowicz H, Kubiak K, Hildebrand J, Popiolek M, Niedzwiedz A. (2017). Searching for ivermectin resistance in a Strongylidae population of horses stabled in Poland. BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1133-1

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 210
PII: 210

Researcher Affiliations

Zak, A
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland. agnieszka.zak@up.wroc.pl.
Siwinska, N
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
Slowikowska, M
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
Borowicz, H
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
Kubiak, K
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
Hildebrand, J
  • Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, ul. S. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
Popiolek, M
  • Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, ul. S. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
Niedzwiedz, A
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics / pharmacology
  • Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
  • Drug Resistance
  • Feces / parasitology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Ivermectin / pharmacology
  • Ivermectin / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Parasite Egg Count / veterinary
  • Poland
  • Strongyle Infections, Equine / drug therapy
  • Strongyloidea / isolation & purification

Conflict of Interest Statement

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: In accordance with the Experiments on Animals Act from January 15th 2015 (Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, 2015, item. 266), concerning the welfare of the animals used for research or teaching purposes, the provisions shall not apply to: 1. veterinary services as defined by the Act from December 18th 2003 concerning veterinary practices (Journal of Laws from 2004, No. 11, item 95 as amended in item 3), as well as agricultural activity, raising and breeding livestock according to the Animal Welfare Act, not designed to carry out medical procedures; 2. clinical veterinary studies carried out according to Article 37ah-37ak of the Act from September 6th 2001 – Pharmaceutical Law (Journal of Laws from 2008, No. 45, item 271 as amended in item 4); 3. activity aimed at identifying animals; 4. capturing wild animals for biometric and systematic assessment; 5. veterinary procedures which to not cause pain, suffering, distress or permanent health impairment equal to or more invasive than the insertion of a needle. Hence, the study entitled “Searching for ivermectin resistance in a Strongylidae population of horses stabled in Poland.” does not require the approval of the Ethics Committee. All procedures were performed during the study with the owner consent. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest. None of the aforementioned companies had any involvement, direct or indirect, in the development of the manuscript and the works reflects the opinions solely of the authors. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

References

This article includes 33 references
  1. Love S, Murphy D, Mellor D. Pathogenicity of cyathostome infection.. Vet Parasitol 1999 Aug 31;85(2-3):113-21; discussion 121-2, 215-25.
    doi: 10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00092-8pubmed: 10485358google scholar: lookup
  2. Kaplan RM, Vidyashankar AN. An inconvenient truth: global worming and anthelmintic resistance.. Vet Parasitol 2012 May 4;186(1-2):70-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.048pubmed: 22154968google scholar: lookup
  3. Kaplan RM. Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses.. Vet Res 2002 Sep-Oct;33(5):491-507.
    doi: 10.1051/vetres:2002035pubmed: 12387486google scholar: lookup
  4. Nielsen MK, Mittel L, Grice A, Erskine M, Graves E, Vaala W, Tully RC, French DD, Bowman R, Kaplan RM. AAEP Parasite Control Guidelines. 2013.
  5. Mair TS, Sutton DG, Love S. Caecocaecal and caecocolic intussusceptions associated with larval cyathostomosis in four young horses.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2000 Jun;(32):77-80.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2000.tb05339.xpubmed: 11202389google scholar: lookup
  6. Corning S. Equine cyathostomins: a review of biology, clinical significance and therapy.. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S1.
    doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S1pmc: PMC2751837pubmed: 19778462google scholar: lookup
  7. Peregrine AS, Molento MB, Kaplan RM, Nielsen MK. Anthelmintic resistance in important parasites of horses: does it really matter?. Vet Parasitol 2014 Mar 17;201(1-2):1-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.004pubmed: 24485565google scholar: lookup
  8. Boersema JH, Eysker M, Maas J, van der Aar WM. Comparison of the reappearance of strongyle eggs on foals, yearlings and adult horses after treatment with ivermectin or pyrantel.. Vet Q 1996 Mar;18(1):7-9.
    doi: 10.1080/01652176.1996.9694602pubmed: 8833604google scholar: lookup
  9. Canever RJ, Braga PR, Boeckh A, Grycajuck M, Bier D, Molento MB. Lack of Cyathostomin sp. reduction after anthelmintic treatment in horses in Brazil.. Vet Parasitol 2013 May 1;194(1):35-9.
    pubmed: 23318166doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.020google scholar: lookup
  10. Geurden T, van Doorn D, Claerebout E, Kooyman F, De Keersmaecker S, Vercruysse J, Besognet B, Vanimisetti B, di Regalbono AF, Beraldo P, Di Cesare A, Traversa D. Decreased strongyle egg re-appearance period after treatment with ivermectin and moxidectin in horses in Belgium, Italy and The Netherlands.. Vet Parasitol 2014 Aug 29;204(3-4):291-6.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.013pubmed: 24880643google scholar: lookup
  11. Kaplan RM, Klei TR, Lyons ET, Lester G, Courtney CH, French DD, Tolliver SC, Vidyashankar AN, Zhao Y. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistant cyathostomes on horse farms.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004 Sep 15;225(6):903-10.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.2004.225.903pubmed: 15485051google scholar: lookup
  12. Lester HE, Spanton J, Stratford CH, Bartley DJ, Morgan ER, Hodgkinson JE, Coumbe K, Mair T, Swan B, Lemon G, Cookson R, Matthews JB. Anthelmintic efficacy against cyathostomins in horses in Southern England.. Vet Parasitol 2013 Oct 18;197(1-2):189-96.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.06.009pubmed: 23830687google scholar: lookup
  13. Stratford CH, Lester HE, Pickles KJ, McGorum BC, Matthews JB. An investigation of anthelmintic efficacy against strongyles on equine yards in Scotland.. Equine Vet J 2014 Jan;46(1):17-24.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12079pubmed: 23662803google scholar: lookup
  14. Traversa D, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Demeler J, Milillo P, Schürmann S, Barnes H, Otranto D, Perrucci S, di Regalbono AF, Beraldo P, Boeckh A, Cobb R. Anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomin populations from horse yards in Italy, United Kingdom and Germany.. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S2.
    pmc: PMC2751838pubmed: 19778463doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-s2-s2google scholar: lookup
  15. Traversa D, Castagna G, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Meloni S, Bartolini R, Geurden T, Pearce MC, Woringer E, Besognet B, Milillo P, D'Espois M. Efficacy of major anthelmintics against horse cyathostomins in France.. Vet Parasitol 2012 Sep 10;188(3-4):294-300.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.048pubmed: 22538094google scholar: lookup
  16. van Doorn DC, Eysker M, Kooyman FN, Wagenaar JA, Ploeger HW. Searching for ivermectin resistance in Dutch horses.. Vet Parasitol 2012 Apr 30;185(2-4):355-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.09.028pubmed: 21996004google scholar: lookup
  17. Demeulenaere D, Vercruysse J, Dorny P, Claerebout E. Comparative studies of ivermectin and moxidectin in the control of naturally acquired cyathostome infections in horses.. Vet Rec 1997 Oct 11;141(15):383-6.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.141.15.383pubmed: 9364706google scholar: lookup
  18. Roepstorff A, Nansen P. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth parasites of swine. FAO Animal health manual 1998, Rome.
  19. Vadlejch J, Petrtýl M, Zaichenko I, Cadková Z, Jankovská I, Langrová I, Moravec M. Which McMaster egg counting technique is the most reliable?. Parasitol Res 2011 Nov;109(5):1387-94.
    doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2385-5pubmed: 21526406google scholar: lookup
  20. Larsen ML, Ritz C, Petersen SL, Nielsen MK. Determination of ivermectin efficacy against cyathostomins and Parascaris equorum on horse farms using selective therapy.. Vet J 2011 Apr;188(1):44-7.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.009pubmed: 20385508google scholar: lookup
  21. Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FH, Geerts S, Klei TR, Taylor MA, Waller PJ. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance.. Vet Parasitol 1992 Sep;44(1-2):35-44.
    doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90141-Upubmed: 1441190google scholar: lookup
  22. von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites - detection, potential clinical relevance and implications for control.. Vet Parasitol 2012 Apr 19;185(1):2-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.010pubmed: 22100141google scholar: lookup
  23. Torgerson PR, Paul M, Furrer R. Evaluating faecal egg count reduction using a specifically designed package "eggCounts" in R and a user friendly web interface.. Int J Parasitol 2014 Apr;44(5):299-303.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.01.005pubmed: 24556564google scholar: lookup
  24. Coles GC, Jackson F, Pomroy WE, Prichard RK, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Silvestre A, Taylor MA, Vercruysse J. The detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance.. Vet Parasitol 2006 Mar 31;136(3-4):167-85.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.11.019pubmed: 16427201google scholar: lookup
  25. Dudeney A, Campbell C, Coles G. Macrocyclic lactone resistance in cyathostomins.. Vet Rec 2008 Aug 2;163(5):163-4.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.163.5.163-apubmed: 18677003google scholar: lookup
  26. Little D, Flowers JR, Hammerberg BH, Gardner SY. Management of drug-resistant cyathostominosis on a breeding farm in central North Carolina.. Equine Vet J 2003 May;35(3):246-51.
    doi: 10.2746/042516403776148264pubmed: 12755426google scholar: lookup
  27. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Ionita M, Lewellen A, Collins SS. Field studies indicating reduced activity of ivermectin on small strongyles in horses on a farm in Central Kentucky.. Parasitol Res 2008 Jun;103(1):209-15.
    doi: 10.1007/s00436-008-0959-7pubmed: 18389281google scholar: lookup
  28. Molento MB, Antunes J, Bentes RN, Coles GC. Anthelmintic resistant nematodes in Brazilian horses.. Vet Rec 2008 Mar 22;162(12):384-5.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.162.12.384pubmed: 18359933google scholar: lookup
  29. Mercier P, Chick B, Alves-Branco F, White CR. Comparative efficacy, persistent effect, and treatment intervals of anthelmintic pastes in naturally infected horses.. Vet Parasitol 2001 Jul 31;99(1):29-39.
    doi: 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00453-8pubmed: 11445153google scholar: lookup
  30. Tarigo-Martinie JL, Wyatt AR, Kaplan RM. Prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes of horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001 Jun 15;218(12):1957-60.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1957pubmed: 11417741google scholar: lookup
  31. Boersema JH, Borgsteede FH, Eysker M, Saedt I. The reappearance of strongyle eggs in faeces of horses treated with pyrantel embonate.. Vet Q 1995 Mar;17(1):18-20.
    doi: 10.1080/01652176.1995.9694524pubmed: 7610552google scholar: lookup
  32. Borgsteede FH, Boersma JH, Gaasenbeek CP, van der Burg WP. The reappearance of eggs in faeces of horses after treatment with ivermectin.. Vet Q 1993 Mar;15(1):24-6.
    doi: 10.1080/01652176.1993.9694363pubmed: 8498011google scholar: lookup
  33. von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Fritzen B, Demeler J, Schürmann S, Rohn K, Schnieder T, Epe C. Cases of reduced cyathostomin egg-reappearance period and failure of Parascaris equorum egg count reduction following ivermectin treatment as well as survey on pyrantel efficacy on German horse farms.. Vet Parasitol 2007 Mar 15;144(1-2):74-80.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.036pubmed: 17112667google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Macdonald SL, Abbas G, Ghafar A, Gauci CG, Bauquier J, El-Hage C, Tennent-Brown B, Wilkes EJA, Beasley A, Jacobson C, Cudmore L, Carrigan P, Hurley J, Beveridge I, Hughes KJ, Nielsen MK, Jabbar A. Egg reappearance periods of anthelmintics against equine cyathostomins: The state of play revisited. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2023 Apr;21:28-39.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.12.002pubmed: 36543048google scholar: lookup
  2. Żak-Bochenek A, Bajzert J, Sambor D, Siwińska N, Szponar B, Łaczmański Ł, Żebrowska P, Czajkowska A, Karczewski M, Chełmońska-Soyta A. Homeostasis of the Intestinal Mucosa in Healthy Horses-Correlation between the Fecal Microbiome, Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Fecal Egg Count. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 10;12(22).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12223094pubmed: 36428322google scholar: lookup
  3. Dauparaitė E, Kupčinskas T, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Petkevičius S. Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in Lithuania. Acta Vet Scand 2021 Jan 25;63(1):5.
    doi: 10.1186/s13028-021-00569-zpubmed: 33494770google scholar: lookup
  4. Żak-Bochenek A, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Bajzert J, Łaczmański Ł, Szponar B, Siwińska N, Gładysz K, Sikorska K, Chełmońska-Soyta A. Investigating the potential immunomodulatory effects of commercial oral probiotic supplements on equine gastrointestinal tract barrier function. Front Immunol 2024;15:1487664.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1487664pubmed: 39906737google scholar: lookup
  5. Fakheri A, Esmaeilnejad B, Akbari H, Molaei R. In vitro evaluation of anthelmintic activity of biocompatibile carbon quantum dot nanocomposite against egg and larval stages of equine strongyles. BMC Vet Res 2025 Jan 22;21(1):32.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04494-5pubmed: 39844158google scholar: lookup
  6. Nielsen MK. Anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes: Current status and emerging trends. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022 Dec;20:76-88.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.10.005pubmed: 36342004google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,780 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.