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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasit Vectors / Seasonal dynamics of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) b...
Parasites & vectors2014; 7; 147; doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-147

Seasonal dynamics of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, potential vectors of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses in the Niayes area of Senegal.

Abstract: The African horse sickness epizootic in Senegal in 2007 caused considerable mortality in the equine population and hence major economic losses. The vectors involved in the transmission of this arbovirus have never been studied specifically in Senegal. This first study of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species, potential vectors of African horse sickness in Senegal, was conducted at five sites (Mbao, Parc Hann, Niague, Pout and Thies) in the Niayes area, which was affected by the outbreak. Methods: Two Onderstepoort light traps were used at each site for three nights of consecutive collection per month over one year to measure the apparent abundance of the Culicoides midges. Results: In total, 224,665 specimens belonging to at least 24 different species (distributed among 11 groups of species) of the Culicoides genus were captured in 354 individual collections. Culicoides oxystoma, Culicoides kingi, Culicoides imicola, Culicoides enderleini and Culicoides nivosus were the most abundant and most frequent species at the collection sites. Peaks of abundance coincide with the rainy season in September and October. Conclusions: In addition to C. imicola, considered a major vector for the African horse sickness virus, C. oxystoma may also be involved in the transmission of this virus in Senegal given its abundance in the vicinity of horses and its suspected competence for other arboviruses including bluetongue virus. This study depicted a site-dependent spatial variability in the dynamics of the populations of the five major species in relation to the eco-climatic conditions at each site.
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Publication Date: 2014-03-31 PubMed ID: 24690198PubMed Central: PMC3973751DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-147Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the role of Culicoides species, a type of biting midge, in transmitting African horse sickness in Senegal. The study analysed their spatial and temporal dynamics within the Niayes area of Senegal, particularly focusing on the species that were most abundant and frequent, and their potential for carrying the disease.

Objective and Methodology of the Study

  • The study aimed to understand the role of Culicoides species in spreading the African horse sickness that caused a major outbreak in Senegal in 2007.
  • Five sites in the Niayes area, which were affected by the outbreak, were selected for the study. The sites include Mbao, Parc Hann, Niague, Pout, and Thies.
  • Two Onderstepoort light traps were set up at each site to collect samples of the Culicoides midges.
  • The traps were placed for three consecutive nights per month over a span of one year to observe any apparent changes in the abundance of the midges.

Findings of the Study

  • The study found that 224,665 specimens belonging to at least 24 different species of the Culicoides genus were captured in 354 individual collections.
  • The most abundant and frequently found species were Culicoides oxystoma, Culicoides kingi, Culicoides imicola, Culicoides enderleini, and Culicoides nivosus.
  • The peaks in the abundance of these species coincided with the rainy season in September and October.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study found that apart from C. imicola, which was already considered a major vector for the African horse sickness, C. oxystoma might also be involved in transmitting the virus due to its abundance near horse inhabitations and its competence for carrying other arboviruses, including the bluetongue virus.
  • The study revealed a site-specific variability in the dynamics of these species’ populations, suggesting the eco-climatic conditions at each site play a critical role. This data provides insights for implementing more effective control measures to mitigate potential outbreaks in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Diarra M, Fall M, Fall AG, Diop A, Seck MT, Garros C, Balenghien T, Allène X, Rakotoarivony I, Lancelot R, Mall I, Bakhoum MT, Dosum AM, Ndao M, Bouyer J, Guis H. (2014). Seasonal dynamics of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, potential vectors of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses in the Niayes area of Senegal. Parasit Vectors, 7, 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-147

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 147

Researcher Affiliations

Diarra, Maryam
  • Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal. myriem85@yahoo.fr.
Fall, Moussa
    Fall, Assane G
      Diop, Aliou
        Seck, Momar Talla
          Garros, Claire
            Balenghien, Thomas
              Allène, Xavier
                Rakotoarivony, Ignace
                  Lancelot, Renaud
                    Mall, Iba
                      Bakhoum, Mame Thierno
                        Dosum, Ange Michel
                          Ndao, Massouka
                            Bouyer, Jérémy
                              Guis, Hélène

                                MeSH Terms

                                • African Horse Sickness / epidemiology
                                • African Horse Sickness / transmission
                                • African Horse Sickness / virology
                                • African Horse Sickness Virus / physiology
                                • Animals
                                • Bluetongue virus / physiology
                                • Ceratopogonidae / physiology
                                • Disease Outbreaks
                                • Horses
                                • Insect Vectors / virology
                                • Population Dynamics
                                • Seasons
                                • Senegal / epidemiology
                                • Species Specificity
                                • Time Factors

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