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PloS one2020; 15(2); e0227212; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227212

Selection in Australian Thoroughbred horses acts on a locus associated with early two-year old speed.

Abstract: Thoroughbred horse racing is a global sport with major hubs in Europe, North America, Australasia and Japan. Regional preferences for certain traits have resulted in phenotypic variation that may result from adaptation to the local racing ecosystem. Here, we test the hypothesis that genes selected for regional phenotypic variation may be identified by analysis of selection signatures in pan-genomic SNP genotype data. Comparing Australian to non-Australian Thoroughbred horses (n = 99), the most highly differentiated loci in a composite selection signals (CSS) analysis were on ECA6 (34.75-34.85 Mb), ECA14 (33.2-33.52 Mb and 35.52-36.94 Mb) and ECA16 (24.28-26.52 Mb) in regions containing candidate genes for exercise adaptations including cardiac function (ARHGAP26, HBEGF, SRA1), synapse development and locomotion (APBB3, ATXN7, CLSTN3), stress response (NR3C1) and the skeletal muscle response to exercise (ARHGAP26, NDUFA2). In a genome-wide association study for field-measured speed in two-year-olds (n = 179) SNPs contained within the single association peak (33.2-35.6 Mb) overlapped with the ECA14 CSS signals and spanned a protocadherin gene cluster. Association tests using higher density SNP genotypes across the ECA14 locus identified a SNP within the PCDHGC5 gene associated with elite racing performance (n = 922). These results indicate that there may be differential selection for racing performance under racing and management conditions that are specific to certain geographic racing regions. In Australia breeders have principally selected horses for favourable genetic variants at loci containing genes that modulate behaviour, locomotion and skeletal muscle physiology that together appear to be contributing to early two-year-old speed.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-12 PubMed ID: 32049967PubMed Central: PMC7015314DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227212Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how regional traits in Thoroughbred horse breeds in Australia may be a result of selective breeding based on pan-genomic SNP genotype data. The study found specific genetic variation in these horses that are linked to adaptations in speed, cardiac function, and muscle physiology.

Overview of Research

  • The research aimed to identify the role of selective breeding in creating distinctive traits in Thoroughbred horses in Australia.
  • Through pan-genomic SNP genotype data analysis, the researchers hypothesized that genes selected for specific regional traits can be identified.
  • Specifically, they were interested in the genes that could influence the speed and physical characteristics of these horses.

Findings

  • Comparative analysis between Australian and non-Australian Thoroughbred horses highlighted discrete genetic variations characteristic of the Australian breeds.
  • Differentiated loci identified were mainly found on ECA6, ECA14, and ECA16, pointing to modifications in genes related to exercise adaptations, including cardiac function, synapse development, locomotion, stress response, and muscular response to exercise.
  • This indicates that Australian breeders may have selected for horses with favorable genetic variants in these particular areas, affecting the horses’ overall performance and speed, particularly in two-year-olds.

Implications

  • The research highlights the potential for selective breeding to influence and enhance specific traits and capabilities in domestic animal species, such as race horses.
  • Understanding this can provide insight into better breeding methodologies to optimize certain desirable traits in animals, either for racing performance or for other purposes, such as specific workhorse traits.

Cite This Article

APA
Han H, McGivney BA, Farries G, Katz LM, MacHugh DE, Randhawa IAS, Hill EW. (2020). Selection in Australian Thoroughbred horses acts on a locus associated with early two-year old speed. PLoS One, 15(2), e0227212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227212

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Pages: e0227212

Researcher Affiliations

Han, Haige
  • Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, Ireland.
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
McGivney, Beatrice A
  • Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, Ireland.
Farries, Gabriella
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Katz, Lisa M
  • UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
MacHugh, David E
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  • UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Randhawa, Imtiaz A S
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia.
Hill, Emmeline W
  • Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, Ireland.
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Australia
  • Genome
  • Genome-Wide Association Study / methods
  • Horses / genetics
  • Locomotion / genetics
  • Phenotype
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal

Conflict of Interest Statement

I have read the journal\'s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: EWH and DEM and shareholders, EWH, HH and BAM are paid employees and LMK is a paid consultant of Plusvital Ltd. EWH is a Director of the company. EWH, DEM and LMK are coinventors on multiple patents relating to the MSTN g.66493737 SNP, which is not relevant to the current manuscript. Plusvital Ltd has not applied for protection of IP arising from the results in the current manuscript and at time of manuscript submission has no commercial offering relating to the results. Due to the confidential nature of the privately owned horses, data are available on request from the UCD Technology Transfer Office and Plusvital Ltd. for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

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