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Zoonoses and public health2017; 65(1); e148-e154; doi: 10.1111/zph.12423

Serological evidence for the co-circulation of two lineages of influenza D viruses in equine populations of the Midwest United States.

Abstract: Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly described influenza type of the Orthomyxoviridae virus family that was first isolated from diseased swine in 2011 and has subsequently been detected in cattle around the world in 2014. In addition, serological evidence for IDV infection in humans has been recently established. Despite all the progress, the full range of susceptible hosts for this novel virus has yet to be determined, but includes swine, bovine, small ruminants and human. This study was designed to determine if equine is a possible host to this newly emerging influenza virus. Three hundred and sixty-four equine serum samples were collected in 2015 from 141 farms within the Midwestern United States. Serum samples were examined using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against two established IDV lineages (D/OK and D/660) and one IDV-related human ICV lineage (C/JHB). Results of this study showed 44 (44 of 364, 12%) samples positive for antibodies against D/OK, 39 (39 of 364, 11%) samples positive for antibodies against D/660, and 41 (41 of 364, 11%) samples positive for antibodies against C/JHB. A subset of these samples was further confirmed via microtitre neutralization (MN) assay. Our data demonstrated that horses are susceptible to two lineages of IDV, and that these viruses were present in equine populations throughout multiple Midwestern states of the United States. These findings continue to support the need for further surveillance of IDV viruses in agricultural species to work towards a better understanding of the full host range and natural reservoirs of influenza D virus.
© 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2017-11-14 PubMed ID: 29139222PubMed Central: PMC5766371DOI: 10.1111/zph.12423Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article examines the possibility of horses being susceptible to the Influenza D virus (IDV), which was first discovered in swine and has exhibited evidence of infecting humans. The study found that indeed, horse populations in the Midwest United States showed indications of IDV infection from two of its lineages, raising new considerations for IDV surveillance in agricultural animals.

Objectives and Methodology

  • The paper aims to verify if horses (equines) could be potential hosts for the relatively newly discovered Influenza D virus (IDV). This virus was initially identified in swine in 2011, and since then, it has been observed in cattle globally. More recently, human infections with IDV were also found.
  • To explore this, the researchers collected 364 equine serum samples in 2015 from 141 farms across the Midwestern United States. The serum samples were analyzed using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against two IDV lineages—D/OK and D/660—and one IDV-related human ICV lineage—C/JHB.
  • A subset of these samples was additionally examined using a microtitre neutralization (MN) assay to confirm the results.

Findings and Implications

  • The study found evidence of IDV infection in horses, suggesting that horses are indeed susceptible to this virus. Specifically, 44 samples tested positive for antibodies associated with the D/OK lineage, 39 for the D/660 lineage, and 41 for the C/JHB lineage.
  • This finding has significant implications for understanding the IDV, its host range, and its potential reservoirs. It proves that the IDV is not limited to swine, bovine, small ruminants, and humans, but also affects equine species.
  • The presence of the virus across numerous Midwestern states of the United States indicates widespread prevalence in this area, reinforcing the need for ongoing surveillance for the virus in agricultural species, which now includes horses, for a better understanding of the spread and hosts of the IDV.

Cite This Article

APA
Nedland H, Wollman J, Sreenivasan C, Quast M, Singrey A, Fawcett L, Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson E, Kaushik RS, Wang D, Li F. (2017). Serological evidence for the co-circulation of two lineages of influenza D viruses in equine populations of the Midwest United States. Zoonoses Public Health, 65(1), e148-e154. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12423

Publication

Zoonoses and public health
ISSN: 1863-2378
NlmUniqueID: 101300786
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 65
Issue: 1
Pages: e148-e154

Researcher Affiliations

Nedland, H
  • Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Wollman, J
  • Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Sreenivasan, C
  • Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Quast, M
  • Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Singrey, A
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Fawcett, L
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Christopher-Hennings, J
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Nelson, E
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Kaushik, R S
  • Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Wang, D
  • Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
  • BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Li, F
  • Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
  • BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Cell Line
  • Dogs
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Midwestern United States / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / blood
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Thogotovirus / isolation & purification

Grant Funding

  • R21 AI107379 / NIAID NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

. None.

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