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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(13); doi: 10.3390/ani13132056

Serological Examinations of Significant Viral Infections in Domestic Donkeys at the Special Nature Reserve “Zasavica”, Serbia.

Abstract: The paper presents the findings of specific antibodies in the blood sera of donkeys against the following viruses: equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), African horse sickness virus (AHSV), equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), equine influenza virus subtype H3N8 (EIV) and equine arteritis virus (EAV). The analyses were conducted during the year 2022. From a total of 199 donkeys bred in "Zasavica", blood was sampled from 53 animals (2 male donkeys and 51 female donkeys), aged 3 to 10 years. Specific antibodies against EIAV were not detected in any of the tested animals using the agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay. No specific antibodies against AHSV, tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or antibodies against EAV, tested by the virus neutralization test (VNT) and ELISA were detected in any of these animals. A positive serological result for EHV-1 was determined by the VNT in all animals, with antibody titer values ranging from 1:2 to 1:128, while a very low antibody titer value for EIV (subtype H3N8) of 1:16 was determined in 18 donkeys using the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI test).
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Publication Date: 2023-06-21 PubMed ID: 37443854PubMed Central: PMC10340027DOI: 10.3390/ani13132056Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study undertakes a comprehensive examination of various viral infections in a population of donkeys in Serbia’s “Zasavica” special nature reserve. The key findings underscore the presence of antibodies for equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and equine influenza virus subtype H3N8 (EIV), while other tested viruses were not detected.

Samples and Methodology

  • The study involved 53 donkeys – 2 males and 51 females – aged between 3 to 10 years, sampled from a population of 199 animals.
  • Blood samples were taken from these animals in 2022 and examined for antibodies against several viruses including equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), African horse sickness virus (AHSV), EHV-1, EIV, and equine arteritis virus (EAV).
  • Various assays such as agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), virus neutralization test (VNT) and hemagglutination inhibition test (HI test) were used to conduct these investigations.

Findings

  • No antibodies against EIAV were found in any of the tested animals, as indicated by the AGID assay.
  • Similarly, the ELISA test did not detect the presence of antibodies against AHSV or EAV in any of the sampled donkeys.
  • All animals tested positive for EHV-1 based on the VNT, with antibody titer values ranging from 1:2 to 1:128.
  • Finally, the HI test revealed a low antibody titer value (1:16) against EIV (subtype H3N8) in 18 of the donkeys.

Implications

  • The results indicate that the donkey population in the reserve may have been exposed to EHV-1 and EIV, as reflected by the presence of respective antibodies in their blood samples.
  • The absence of antibodies for EIAV, AHSV, and EAV suggests these particular viral infections may not be prevalent among these donkeys.
  • This study contributes to the understanding of potential health risks and viral infections among donkeys in the “Zasavica” reserve.
  • However, more research is needed to further assess the significance of these findings and to develop appropriate preventative measures.

Cite This Article

APA
Lazić S, Savić S, Petrović T, Lazić G, Žekić M, Drobnjak D, Lupulović D. (2023). Serological Examinations of Significant Viral Infections in Domestic Donkeys at the Special Nature Reserve “Zasavica”, Serbia. Animals (Basel), 13(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132056

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 13

Researcher Affiliations

Lazić, Sava
  • Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Savić, Sara
  • Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Petrović, Tamaš
  • Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Lazić, Gospava
  • Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Žekić, Marina
  • Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Drobnjak, Darko
  • Center for Preservation of Indigenous Breeds-CEPIB, Vere Dimitrijević, 11186 Zemun, Serbia.
Lupulović, Diana
  • Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.

Grant Funding

  • 680-00-00042/1/202 / Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of Republic of Serbia, Directorate for Agricultural Payments

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Zhu Q, Khan MZ, Peng Y, Wang C. A Comparative Review of Donkey Genetic Resources, Production Traits, and Industrial Utilization: Perspectives from China and Globally. Animals (Basel) 2025 Nov 21;15(23).
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  2. Ji Y, Zhao X, Liu W. Detection of equine herpesvirus antibodies in large-scale donkey farms in Liaocheng area. Vet Med Sci 2024 Sep;10(5):e70016.
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  3. Li L, Li S, Ma H, Akhtar MF, Tan Y, Wang T, Liu W, Khan A, Khan MZ, Wang C. An Overview of Infectious and Non-Infectious Causes of Pregnancy Losses in Equine. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jul 2;14(13).
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