Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with equine infectious anemia in the state of Goiás, Brazil.
Abstract: Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is an infectious disease affecting equine in most countries and represents a notifiable disease with compulsory euthanasia of positive animals. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of EIAV infected equines in herds of the state of Goiás (Central Brazil) and to evaluate the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Blood samples were collected from 1170 equids from 332 randomly selected farms divided into three different strata according to their herd characteristics. Also, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied during the visit to the farm. Of the 332 farms evaluated, 12 (3.1%; 95% CI: 1.24 - 6.00) had at least one positive equine for EIA, and of the 1170 evaluated equines, 14 (2%; 95% CI: 0.31-3.00) were positive in agar gel immunodiffusion. Multivariate analysis revealed that the use of a vaccination pistol (p < 0.001) and the presence of water bodies inside the farm (p < 0.01) were risk factors associated with the occurrence of EIA. Thus, the present study demonstrated a low but widespread prevalence of EIAV infected animals in the herds of Goiás state and that iatrogenic and environmental risk factors were associated with the occurrence of the disease.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2022-10-18 PubMed ID: 36306642DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105781Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Blood Analysis
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Infectious Anemia
- Herd Management
- Horses
- Infectious Disease
- Public Health
- Risk Factors
- Seroprevalence
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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This research study explores the occurrence and risk factors associated with equine infectious anemia (EIA) in horse populations in the Goiás region of Central Brazil, finding a low but significant amount of EIA infected horses and notable risk factors such as the presence of water bodies inside the farm and the use of a vaccination pistol.
Study Objectives and Methodology
- The primary goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of EIA virus (EIAV) infected horses in herds throughout the state of Goiás in Brazil. Also, it aimed to identify risk factors associated with the disease’s occurrence.
- The researchers sampled blood from 1170 horses from 332 randomly selected farms. These farms were divided into different strata based on their herd characteristics.
- Furthermore, an epidemiological questionnaire was used during the farm visits, which provided additional context and information for the research.
Findings and Conclusions
- Of the total 332 farms that were under study, 12 (approximately 3.1%) had at least one horse that tested positive for EIA. Furthermore, out of the total 1170 horses that were tested, 14 (nearly 2%) tested positive. These results confirm a low, but notable prevalence of EIAV infected horses in the region.
- The research also found a couple of significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of EIA. One was the use of a vaccination pistol, which came out as a significant risk factor in the multivariate analysis with a p-value of less than 0.001, suggesting a very strong statistical correlation.
- The second risk factor detected was the existence of water bodies inside the farm, which also showed a statistically significant correlation with a p-value of less than 0.01 in the multivariate analysis.
- In conclusion, while the overall prevalence of EIA within horse herds in the Goiás region was relatively low, the study identified notable iatrogenic (related to medical devices or procedures) and environmental risk factors associated with the disease’s presence that need to be addressed.
Cite This Article
APA
de Pádua BR, Dias RA, Fioravanti MCS, Borsanelli AC.
(2022).
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with equine infectious anemia in the state of Goiás, Brazil.
Prev Vet Med, 209, 105781.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105781 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Agência Goiana de Defesa Agropecuária, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Electronic address: anaborsanelli@ufg.br.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Equine Infectious Anemia / epidemiology
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Euthanasia, Animal
- Risk Factors
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
Citations
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