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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire1989; 53(2); 143-146;

Simple nonrebreathing valves for use with large mammals.

Abstract: Two simple nonrebreathing valves suitable for use with large mammals are described. These valves can be constructed in a reasonably well equipped workshop using materials that are readily available. The resistive pressure of both valves is less than 0.1 kPa at flow rates up to 15 L.s-1. Their main limitation is a relatively large dead space, although the dead space of valve B (290 mL) is less than the dead space of some commercially available valves. Healthy adult horses and cows compensate for the increased dead space by an increase in tidal volume.
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Publication Date: 1989-04-01 PubMed ID: 2713779PubMed Central: PMC1255538
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study describes the design and performance of two simple nonrebreathing valves intended for use with large mammals such as horses or cows. These valves, which can be constructed from easily obtainable materials, have a low resistive pressure and function with reasonable efficiency, even though they have a somewhat large dead space.

Valve Designs

  • The study focuses on the creation and testing of two distinct nonrebreathing valve designs.
  • These valves are primarily intended for applications involving large mammals, such as horses or cows.
  • The key feature of these designs is their simplicity, enabling their construction in a suitably equipped workshop using readily available materials.

Performance of the Valves

  • The resistive pressure of both valves is cited as less than 0.1 kPa at flow rates of up to 15 L.s-1, denoting their efficiency in function.
  • The study notes, however, that a major limitation of these valves is their relatively large ‘dead space’ – the volume of air that is inhaled but does not participate in gas exchange.
  • Despite this limitation, one of the valves (valve B) has a dead space of 290 mL, which is less than some commercially available valves.

Compensation by Large Mammals

  • Despite the dead space associated with these valves, the testing with healthy adult horses and cows has shown that these animals are able to compensate for this through an increase in tidal volume – the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during normal breathing.
  • This indicates that the valve, despite its limitations, may still be suitable for use in these larger mammals.

Cite This Article

APA
Gallivan GJ, Bignell W, McDonell WN, Whiting TL. (1989). Simple nonrebreathing valves for use with large mammals. Can J Vet Res, 53(2), 143-146.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 0830-9000
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 53
Issue: 2
Pages: 143-146

Researcher Affiliations

Gallivan, G J
  • Department of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
Bignell, W
    McDonell, W N
      Whiting, T L

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Cattle / physiology
        • Horses / physiology
        • Respiration
        • Respiratory Dead Space
        • Respiratory Function Tests / instrumentation
        • Respiratory Function Tests / veterinary

        References

        This article includes 12 references
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          pubmed: 13444025doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01412.xgoogle scholar: lookup
        11. AMOROSO EC, SCOTT P, WILLIAMS KG. THE PATTERN OF EXTERNAL RESPIRATION IN THE UNANAESTHETIZED ANIMAL.. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1964 Jan 14;159:325-47.
          pubmed: 14114168doi: 10.1098/rspb.1964.0006google scholar: lookup
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        Citations

        This article has been cited 4 times.
        1. Cruz AM, Coté N, McDonell WN, Geor RJ, Wilson BA, Monteith G, Li R. Postoperative effects of anesthesia and surgery on resting energy expenditure in horses as measured by indirect calorimetry. Can J Vet Res 2006 Oct;70(4):257-62.
          pubmed: 17042377
        2. Gauvreau GM, Young SS, Staempfli H, McCutcheon LJ, Wilson BA, McDonell WN. The relationship between respiratory exchange ratio, plasma lactate and muscle lactate concentrations in exercising horses using a valved gas collection system. Can J Vet Res 1996 Jul;60(3):161-71.
          pubmed: 8809378
        3. Gallivan GJ, McDonell WN. An evaluation of the multiple-breath nitrogen washout as a pulmonary function test in dairy cattle. Can J Vet Res 1989 Apr;53(2):133-42.
          pubmed: 2713778
        4. Gallivan GJ, Viel L, McDonell WN. An evaluation of the multiple-breath nitrogen washout as a pulmonary function test in horses. Can J Vet Res 1990 Jan;54(1):99-105.
          pubmed: 2306677
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