[Sonographic topography of abdominal organs and structures in equine neonates].
- Journal Article
Summary
This study outlines a standardized method for conducting ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen in neonatal foals and describes the typical positioning of various organs. It was possible to map the location and extent of several abdominal organs, including the umbilical vein, the urachus, the bladder, the kidneys, the spleen, the liver, the stomach, the duodenum, the jejunum, the caecum, and the colon.
Research Methodology
The researchers performed a systematic, standardized sonographic examination of the abdomen in 57 neonatal foals, evaluating specific body parts including all intercostal spaces, and the ventral abdomen, which was divided into six segments (left, middle, and right cranial segments, and left, middle, and right caudal segments). The locations where various organs could be found were documented. Additionally, 10 deceased foals were examined sonographically and then dissected to verify the topographical positioning of organs.
Research Findings
The researchers were able to develop a standardized framework for conducting abdominal ultrasonography in neonatal foals. The following findings pertaining to the positions of different abdominal organs were recorded:
- The umbilical vein is typically located in the middle cranial segment, and the urachus in the middle caudal segment.
- The umbilical arteries originate in the middle caudal segment and branch off into the left and right segments.
- The bladder is always found at the caudal aspect of the abdomen and can extend into the middle or into the left and right segments depending on its fullness.
- The right kidney could be found between the 15th and 17th intercostal spaces (ICS), while the left kidney was found in the 16th and 17th ICS.
- The spleen could be visualized in the left 10th to 16th ICS and often in the left cranial abdominal segment.
- The liver was found in the middle and right cranial segment, right 16th to 17th ICS, and left 7th ICS.
- The stomach was found in the left and middle cranial segments and in the left 9th to 11th ICS, while the duodenum was constantly in the right 12th ICS.
- The jejunum was found in the left caudal and middle abdominal segments, the caecum between the right 15th ICS to the fossa paralumbalis, and the colon in the right and middle caudal segments.
Conclusions of the Study
This research presents a systematic method for the ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen in neonatal foals, which allows for identification and visualization of the most essential abdominal organs. Understanding the typical topographical locations of these organs can provide a baseline for evaluating the health of neonatal foals.
Cite This Article
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere mit tierärztlicher Ambulanz, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere mit tierärztlicher Ambulanz, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
MeSH Terms
- Abdomen / diagnostic imaging
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn / anatomy & histology
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Ultrasonography / veterinary
- Umbilical Veins / diagnostic imaging
- Urinary Bladder / diagnostic imaging
Conflict of Interest Statement
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Bernick A, Demattio LS, Wehrend A. Ultrasound findings in 34 newborn foals with uroperitoneum. Vet Med Sci 2024 Jul;10(4):e1545.