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Journal of the Royal Society, Interface2012; 9(76); 3108-3117; doi: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0362

Specialization of tendon mechanical properties results from interfascicular differences.

Abstract: Tendons transfer force from muscle to bone. Specific tendons, including the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), also store and return energy. For efficient function, energy-storing tendons need to be more extensible than positional tendons such as the common digital extensor tendon (CDET), and when tested in vitro have a lower modulus and failure stress, but a higher failure strain. It is not known how differences in matrix organization contribute to distinct mechanical properties in functionally different tendons. We investigated the properties of whole tendons, tendon fascicles and the fascicular interface in the high-strain energy-storing SDFT and low-strain positional CDET. Fascicles failed at lower stresses and strains than tendons. The SDFT was more extensible than the CDET, but SDFT fascicles failed at lower strains than CDET fascicles, resulting in large differences between tendon and fascicle failure strain in the SDFT. At physiological loads, the stiffness at the fascicular interface was lower in the SDFT samples, enabling a greater fascicle sliding that could account for differences in tendon and fascicle failure strain. Sliding between fascicles prior to fascicle extension in the SDFT may allow the large extensions required in energy-storing tendons while protecting fascicles from damage.
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Publication Date: 2012-07-04 PubMed ID: 22764132PubMed Central: PMC3479922DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0362Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines the key mechanical properties of different types of tendons, specifically the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and the common digital extensor tendon (CDET), and the variations in their matrix organizations which contribute to their diverse functionality. The study discovered that the energy-storing SDFT, though more adaptable, failed under less strain than the CDET, and that this could be due to the different levels of stiffness and sliding capabilities at the fascicular interface.

Understanding Tendon Functions and Classifications

  • The primary function of tendons is to transfer force from muscles to bones. In addition to this, particular types of tendons, like the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), have the unique ability to store and return energy.
  • Tendons are classified into two types based on function: ‘energy-storing tendons’ and ‘positional tendons’. Energy-storing tendons, like the SDFT require more flexibility (‘extensibility’) than positional tendons, such as the common digital extensor tendon (CDET).

Objective of the Study

  • The researchers wanted to understand what influences the distinct mechanical properties in different types of tendons. To achieve this, they examined the behaviors of the whole tendons, their fascicles, and the fascicular interface in both types of tendons.

Observations and Results

  • Tendons proved to be more durable under stress and strain compared to individual tendon fascicles. This applies to both types of tendons.
  • SDFT proved to be more extensible than CDET, yet ironically, SDFT fascicles failed (broke or got damaged) under lesser strain than CDET fascicles. This interesting observation implied a significant gap between the strain at which the whole SDFT tendon and its constituent fascicles fail.

Explanation for the Tendon-versus-Fascicle Discrepancy

  • The researchers attribute this discrepancy to the varying stiffness at the fascicular interface in both types of tendons. At physiological loads, this interface’s stiffness was found to be lower in the SDFT samples.
  • This lower stiffness allowed more sliding between the fascicles in SDFT, which could explain the bodily tendon’s higher failure strain compared to its fascicles. Such sliding before the fascicles extend potentially enables the large extensions needed in energy-storing tendons like the SDFT while simultaneously shielding the fascicles from damage.

Cite This Article

APA
Thorpe CT, Udeze CP, Birch HL, Clegg PD, Screen HR. (2012). Specialization of tendon mechanical properties results from interfascicular differences. J R Soc Interface, 9(76), 3108-3117. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0362

Publication

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
ISSN: 1742-5662
NlmUniqueID: 101217269
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 76
Pages: 3108-3117

Researcher Affiliations

Thorpe, Chavaunne T
  • Medical Engineering Division, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. c.thorpe@qmul.ac.uk
Udeze, Chineye P
    Birch, Helen L
      Clegg, Peter D
        Screen, Hazel R C

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Biomechanical Phenomena
          • Collagen / analysis
          • Extracellular Matrix / chemistry
          • Horses
          • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
          • Stress, Mechanical
          • Tendons / anatomy & histology
          • Tendons / chemistry
          • Tendons / physiology

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