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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Pathol / Spontaneously occurring melanoma in animals and their releva...
The Journal of pathology2020; 252(1); 4-21; doi: 10.1002/path.5505

Spontaneously occurring melanoma in animals and their relevance to human melanoma.

Abstract: In contrast to other cancer types, melanoma incidence has been increasing over the last 50 years, and while it still represents less than 5% of all cutaneous malignancies, melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths, due to its propensity to metastasise. Whilst melanoma most commonly affects the skin, it can also arise in mucosal surfaces, the eye, and the brain. For new therapies to be developed, a better understanding of the genetic landscape, signalling pathways, and tumour-microenvironmental interactions is needed. This is where animal models are of critical importance. The mouse is the foremost used model of human melanoma. Arguably this is due to its plethora of benefits as a laboratory animal; however, it is important to note that unlike humans, melanocytes are not present at the dermal-epidermal junction in mice and mice do not develop melanoma without genetic manipulation. In contrast, there are numerous reports of animals that spontaneously develop melanoma, ranging from sharks and parrots to hippos and monkeys. In addition, several domesticated and laboratory-bred animals spontaneously develop melanoma or UV-induced melanoma, specifically, fish, opossums, pigs, horses, cats, and dogs. In this review, we look at spontaneously occurring animal 'models' of melanoma and discuss their relevance to the different types of melanoma found in humans. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland..
© 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland..
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Publication Date: 2020-07-31 PubMed ID: 32652526PubMed Central: PMC7497193DOI: 10.1002/path.5505Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper discusses the importance of animal models, specifically those with naturally occurring melanoma, in understanding the disease mechanism and developing new therapies for human melanoma.

Overview of Melanoma

  • The paper begins by highlighting the rising incidence of melanoma over the last half-century. Although it accounts for less than 5% of all skin cancers, it results in a majority of skin cancer deaths due to its high chance of metastasis.
  • Beyond the skin, melanoma can also emerge in mucosal surfaces, the eye, and the brain.
  • The paper emphasizes the necessity to explore the genetic factors, signalling pathways, and interactions within the tumor environment for the creation of new treatments.

Importance of Animal Models in Melanoma Research

  • Animal models, particularly mice, are extensively used in melanoma research due to their benefits as laboratory animals. However, normal mice do not develop melanoma without genetic manipulation, and their melanocytes, pigment-producing cells involved in melanoma, do not exist at the dermal-epidermal junction as in humans.
  • Therefore, the paper suggests that studying animals that naturally develop melanoma can offer more relevant insights to improve understanding of human melanoma.

Animals with Spontaneously Occurring Melanoma

  • This research reports that numerous animals, from sharks and parrots to hippos and monkeys, spontaneously develop melanoma.
  • Additionally, some domestic and laboratory-bred animals like fish, opossums, pigs, horses, cats, and dogs can spontaneously develop melanoma or have melanoma induced by ultraviolet (UV) light.
  • The review examines these naturally occurring animal ‘models’ of melanoma and discusses how they relate to the various human forms of melanoma.

Conclusion

  • In conclusion, the research places importance on every type of spontaneous animal models of melanoma as they offer valuable knowledge on the mechanisms underlying melanoma, helping in the development of new treatments for the human form of the disease.

Cite This Article

APA
van der Weyden L, Brenn T, Patton EE, Wood GA, Adams DJ. (2020). Spontaneously occurring melanoma in animals and their relevance to human melanoma. J Pathol, 252(1), 4-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5505

Publication

The Journal of pathology
ISSN: 1096-9896
NlmUniqueID: 0204634
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 252
Issue: 1
Pages: 4-21
PII: e5505

Researcher Affiliations

van der Weyden, Louise
  • Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Brenn, Thomas
  • Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada.
Patton, E Elizabeth
  • MRC Human Genetics Unit, The MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Wood, Geoffrey A
  • Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Adams, David J
  • Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cat Diseases / genetics
  • Cat Diseases / pathology
  • Cats
  • Dog Diseases / genetics
  • Dog Diseases / pathology
  • Dogs
  • Fish Diseases / genetics
  • Fish Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Melanoma / genetics
  • Melanoma / pathology
  • Melanoma / veterinary
  • Skin Neoplasms / genetics
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology
  • Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
  • Swine
  • Swine Diseases / genetics
  • Swine Diseases / pathology

Grant Funding

  • 21717 / Cancer Research UK
  • MR/S01473X/1 / Medical Research Council
  • Wellcome Trust
  • MC_UU_00007/9 / Medical Research Council

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Citations

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