Standardization of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the horse.
Abstract: The influence of coil position on the peak-to-peak amplitude and onset latency of transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials (MMEPs) in the extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial muscles of horses was evaluated. Seven different stimulating coil positions were obtained by constructing a frame on the forehead. Two stimulation intensities (80% and 100% of maximal stimulator output) and two different coil currents (clockwise and counter-clockwise) were tested. For both recording sites MMEPs with the shortest onset latency and the largest peak-to-peak amplitude were detected when the coil was placed in the median of the forehead. There was no significant difference between left and right side recordings. The direction of the current flow in the coil had no influence on the onset latency of the MMEPs.
Publication Date: 2003-10-11 PubMed ID: 14550735DOI: 10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00024-8Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper investigates the impact of coil position on the strength and delay in responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in horses’ muscles. It finds that the most effective responses are garnered when the coil is placed in the middle of the forehead, and that the direction of current does not affect the delay of responses.
Objective of Study
- The study was conducted to understand how the position of the stimulation coil could influence the amplitude and latency of motor evoked potentials (responses) in horses when subjected to transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Research Methodology
- A frame was set up on the forehead of horses to measure seven different coil positions.
- Two different intensity levels (80% and 100% of the maximum output) and two different coil currents (clockwise and counter-clockwise) were used in the experiments.
Findings
- The study demonstrates that the position of the stimulation coil has a significant effect on the responses generated.
- The maximum amplitude and the quickest response (shortest latency period) were found when the coil was placed right in the middle of the horse’s forehead.
- There were no notable differences between recordings taken from the left and right side of the horse’s body, suggesting that lateral placement of the coil does not significantly alter results.
- The direction of current flow in the coil did not influence the delay (onset latency) of the motor evoked potentials, indicating that the effect is independent of coil current direction.
Conclusion
- Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the optimal positioning and direction of transcranial magnetic stimulation in horses. The findings could improve the efficiency and reliability of such treatments in veterinary practices.
Cite This Article
APA
Nollet H, Van Ham L, Dewulf J, Vanderstraeten G, Deprez P.
(2003).
Standardization of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the horse.
Vet J, 166(3), 244-250.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00024-8 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology of Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium. heidi.nollet@rug.ac.be
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Electromagnetic Fields
- Electromyography / standards
- Electromyography / veterinary
- Evoked Potentials, Motor / physiology
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
- Neural Conduction / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Journée SL, Journée HL, Berends HI, Reed SM, Bergmann W, de Bruijn CM, Delesalle CJG. Trapezius Motor Evoked Potentials From Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Reference Data, Characteristic Differences and Intradural Motor Velocities in Horses.. Front Neurosci 2022;16:851463.
- Journée SL, Journée HL, Berends HI, Reed SM, de Bruijn CM, Delesalle CJG. Comparison of Muscle MEPs From Transcranial Magnetic and Electrical Stimulation and Appearance of Reflexes in Horses.. Front Neurosci 2020;14:570372.
- Journée SL, Journée HL, Reed SM, Berends HI, de Bruijn CM, Delesalle CJG. Extramuscular Recording of Spontaneous EMG Activity and Transcranial Electrical Elicited Motor Potentials in Horses: Characteristics of Different Subcutaneous and Surface Electrode Types and Practical Guidelines.. Front Neurosci 2020;14:652.
- Rijckaert J, Raes E, Buczinski S, Dumoulin M, Deprez P, Van Ham L, van Loon G, Pardon B. Accuracy of transcranial magnetic stimulation and a Bayesian latent class model for diagnosis of spinal cord dysfunction in horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):964-971.
- Rijckaert J, Pardon B, Saey V, Raes E, Van Ham L, Ducatelle R, van Loon G, Deprez P. Determination of magnetic motor evoked potential latency time cutoff values for detection of spinal cord dysfunction in horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Sep;33(5):2312-2318.
- Rijckaert J, Pardon B, Van Ham L, Joosten P, van Loon G, Deprez P. Magnetic motor evoked potentials of cervical muscles in horses.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Sep 24;14(1):290.
- Journée SL, Journée HL, de Bruijn CM, Delesalle CJG. Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Apr 3;14(1):121.
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